Discover the complete list of 61 scientifically recognized viruses that start with the letter “I.” These viruses show remarkable diversity, ranging from those that infect humans and animals to others that affect plants, insects, and fish worldwide. Many of these viruses are mosquito-borne or vector-transmitted, highlighting the importance of understanding their transmission and impact on health and agriculture.
Below is the detailed table listing all viruses beginning with “I,” organized to give you clear and useful information.
Virus Name This column lists the official name of each virus, helping you quickly identify and differentiate between them.
Family Here you find the virus classification or family, offering insight into its genetic and structural characteristics along with related viruses.
Primary Hosts This column shows which organisms the virus commonly infects, such as humans, animals, plants, or insects.
Associated Illness/Symptoms Learn about the main symptoms or diseases linked with each virus to understand their effects on their hosts.
Transmission Method This describes how the virus spreads, such as through mosquitoes, direct contact, or contaminated food and water, giving clues to prevention and control strategies.
Viruses that start with I
| Virus Name | Classification | Affects Humans? | Symptoms | Transmission Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ib an 2736 virus | Unclassified (likely lab-isolated) | No | N/A | N/A |
| Ibaraki virus | Orthobunyaviridae, Ephemerovirus | No | Fever, lameness, oral lesions (in cattle) | Culicoides biting midges |
| Ibiraci virus | Unclassified | No | N/A (observed in rodents) | Mosquito-borne |
| Icoaraci virus | Unclassified | No | N/A (observed in rodents) | Mosquito-borne |
| Ictalurid alphaherpesvirus 1 | Herpesviridae, Alphaherpesvirinae | No | Skin lesions, visceral necrosis, mortality (in catfish) | Direct contact, water |
| Ictalurid alphaherpesvirus 2 | Herpesviridae, Alphaherpesvirinae | No | N/A (in fish) | Direct contact, water |
| Ictalurivirus | Unclassified (likely Herpesviridae) | No | N/A (affects fish) | Direct contact, water |
| Idaeovirus | Idaeoviridae | No | N/A (affects insects) | Vector (mites, possibly other insects) |
| Ife virus | Asfarviridae, Asfivirus | No | Hemorrhagic fever, high mortality (in pigs) | Soft ticks, direct contact |
| Iflavirus | Iflaviridae | No | Paralysis, developmental issues, mortality (in insects) | Oral, direct contact |
| Ilesha virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | Yes | Fever, headache, malaise, sometimes encephalitis | Mosquito-borne |
| Iltovirus | Herpesviridae, Alphaherpesvirinae | No | Respiratory distress, conjunctivitis (in birds) | Direct contact, airborne |
| Impatiens necrotic spot virus | Tospoviridae, Orthotospovirus | No | Necrotic spots, ringspots, stunting (in plants) | Thrips (insect vector) |
| Inachis io virus | Unclassified | No | N/A (affects butterflies) | N/A |
| Indian citrus ringspot virus | Unclassified (related to Tobamovirus) | No | Ringspots, defoliation, fruit distortion (in citrus) | Mechanical, grafting |
| Indian papillon virus | Papillomaviridae | No | N/A (in animals) | Direct contact |
| Indian peafowl papillomavirus 1 | Papillomaviridae, Gammapapillomavirus | No | Papillomas, tumors (in peafowl) | Direct contact |
| Indonesian soybean dwarf virus | Luteoviridae, Begomovirus | No | Stunting, yellowing, leaf distortion (in soybeans) | Aphids (insect vector) |
| Infectious bronchitis virus | Coronaviridae, Gammacoronavirus | No | Respiratory distress, decreased egg production (in poultry) | Airborne, direct contact |
| Infectious bursal disease virus | Birnaviridae, Avibirnavirus | No | Immunosuppression, hemorrhages (in poultry) | Oral, contaminated environment |
| Infectious canine hepatitis virus | Adenoviridae, Mastadenovirus | No | Fever, liver inflammation, jaundice (in dogs) | Oral, urine, feces |
| Infectious flacherie virus | Ifalviridae, Iflavirus | No | Lethargy, vomiting, flaccidity (in silkworms) | Oral (contaminated food) |
| Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus | Rhabdoviridae, Novirhabdovirus | No | Hemorrhages, anemia, neurological signs (in fish) | Water-borne, direct contact |
| Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus | Parvoviridae, Penstylovirus | No | Stunting, deformities, high mortality (in shrimp) | Oral, water-borne |
| Infectious laryngotracheitis virus | Herpesviridae, Alphaherpesvirinae | No | Severe respiratory distress, coughing blood (in poultry) | Airborne, direct contact |
| Infectious myonecrosis virus | Totiviridae, Betanodavirus | No | White lesions, muscle necrosis, mortality (in shrimp) | Oral, water-borne |
| Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus | Birnaviridae, Aquabirnavirus | No | Darkening, abdominal distention, mortality (in fish) | Water-borne, direct contact |
| Infectious salmon anemia virus | Orthomyxoviridae, Isavirus | No | Anemia, hemorrhages, ascites (in salmon) | Water-borne, direct contact |
| Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus | Iridoviridae, Ranavirus | No | Necrosis of spleen/kidney, ascites (in fish) | Water-borne, direct contact |
| Influenza A virus | Orthomyxoviridae, Alphainfluenzavirus | Yes | Fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, fatigue | Respiratory droplets, contact |
| Influenza B virus | Orthomyxoviridae, Betainfluenzavirus | Yes | Fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, fatigue | Respiratory droplets, contact |
| Influenza C virus | Orthomyxoviridae, Gammainfluenzavirus | Yes | Mild respiratory symptoms, cold-like illness | Respiratory droplets, contact |
| Influenza D virus | Orthomyxoviridae, Deltainfluenzavirus | No | Respiratory illness (in cattle, swine) | Respiratory droplets, direct contact |
| Influenza virus | Orthomyxoviridae | Yes | Fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, fatigue | Respiratory droplets, contact |
| Ingwavuma virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | Yes (rarely symptomatic) | Fever, headache (mild in humans) | Mosquito-borne |
| Inini virus | Togaviridae, Alphavirus | Yes (rarely documented) | Fever, headache, arthralgia (suspected) | Mosquito-borne |
| Inkoo virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | Yes | Fever, headache, myalgia, encephalitis (rare) | Mosquito-borne |
| Inoviridae | Inoviridae | No | N/A (bacteriophages) | Direct contact with bacteria |
| Inovirus | Inoviridae, Inovirus | No | N/A (bacteriophages) | Direct contact with bacteria |
| Ipeaca virus | Rhabdoviridae, Vesiculovirus | No | N/A (affects animals) | N/A (likely vector-borne) |
| Ipomovirus | Potyviridae, Ipomovirus | No | Mosaic, stunting, leaf distortion (in plants) | Aphids (insect vector) |
| Ippy virus | Arenaviridae, Mammarenavirus | Yes | Hemorrhagic fever, neurological symptoms (severe cases) | Rodent excretion/contact |
| Iridoviridae | Iridoviridae | No | N/A (affects invertebrates/cold-blooded vertebrates) | Direct contact, water-borne |
| Iridovirus | Iridoviridae, Iridovirus | No | N/A (affects invertebrates/cold-blooded vertebrates) | Direct contact, water-borne |
| Iris mild mosaic virus | Potyviridae, Potyvirus | No | Mild mosaic patterns, streaking (in irises) | Aphids (insect vector) |
| Iris severe mosaic virus | Potyviridae, Potyvirus | No | Severe mosaic, stunting, flower breaking (in irises) | Aphids (insect vector) |
| Iris yellow spot virus | Tospoviridae, Orthotospovirus | No | Yellow spots, necrotic streaks (in onions/iris) | Thrips (insect vector) |
| Iriri virus | Rhabdoviridae, Vesiculovirus | No | N/A (in animals) | N/A (likely vector-borne) |
| Isfahan virus | Rhabdoviridae, Vesiculovirus | Yes | Fever, headache, muscle pain, rash | Mites/ticks (arthropod vector) |
| Isavirus | Orthomyxoviridae, Isavirus | No | Anemia, hemorrhages, ascites (in fish) | Water-borne, direct contact |
| Issyk-Kul virus | Orthomyxoviridae, Isavirus | No | N/A (in fish) | N/A (likely water-borne) |
| Itacaiunas virus | Rhabdoviridae, Vesiculovirus | No | N/A (in animals) | N/A (likely vector-borne) |
| Itaituba virus | Rhabdoviridae, Vesiculovirus | No | N/A (in animals) | N/A (likely vector-borne) |
| Itaporanga virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | Yes (rarely documented) | Fever, headache (mild in humans) | Mosquito-borne |
| Itaqui alphavirus | Togaviridae, Alphavirus | Yes | Fever, headache, arthralgia | Mosquito-borne |
| Itirapina virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | Yes (rarely documented) | Fever, headache (mild in humans) | Mosquito-borne |
| Itupiranga virus | Rhabdoviridae, Vesiculovirus | No | N/A (in animals) | N/A (likely vector-borne) |
| Ivory Coast ebolavirus | Filoviridae, Ebolavirus | Yes | Severe hemorrhagic fever, vomiting, diarrhea, internal bleeding | Direct contact with bodily fluids |
| Ixodes scapularis idaeovirus | Idaeoviridae | No | N/A (in ticks) | N/A |
| Ixodes uriae rhabdovirus | Rhabdoviridae, Vesiculovirus | No | N/A (in seabirds/ticks) | Tick-borne |
| Izabal virus | Rhabdoviridae, Vesiculovirus | No | N/A (in animals) | N/A (likely vector-borne) |
Descriptions
Ib an 2736 virus
This is a rarely referenced or potentially experimental virus, lacking widespread public information regarding its specific classification, hosts, or impact. It is not known to affect humans.
Ibaraki virus
Ibaraki virus primarily infects cattle, causing bovine ephemeral fever, characterized by fever and lameness. It is a significant agricultural concern but does not typically affect humans.
Ibiraci virus
Ibiraci virus is an unclassified virus primarily isolated from mosquitoes and rodents in South America. Its impact on specific hosts is not well-documented, and it is not known to affect humans.
Icoaraci virus
Icoaraci virus is an unclassified virus identified in mosquitoes and rodents from Brazil. Limited information is available on its specific effects or epidemiology, and it is not known to cause human disease.
Ictalurid alphaherpesvirus 1
This herpesvirus primarily affects channel catfish, causing diseases like channel catfish virus disease (CCVD) leading to high mortality rates, especially in young fish. It does not affect humans.
Ictalurid alphaherpesvirus 2
A lesser-known alphaherpesvirus, Ictalurid alphaherpesvirus 2 is also associated with fish, particularly catfish. Its specific disease manifestations are not as well-documented as type 1. It is not known to affect humans.
Ictalurivirus
Ictalurivirus is a general term for a group of viruses primarily known to infect fish, particularly freshwater species like catfish. These viruses are generally species-specific and do not pose a risk to humans.
Idaeovirus
Idaeovirus is a family of viruses primarily found in insects, such as honey bees. They can cause various non-lethal infections in their insect hosts. They are not known to affect humans.
Ife virus
Ife virus is a member of the African swine fever virus lineage, found in Nigeria. It causes severe, often fatal, hemorrhagic fever in domestic and wild pigs. It does not affect humans.
Iflavirus
Iflavirus is a family of RNA viruses that primarily infect insects, including honey bees and silkworms. They can cause significant economic losses in apiculture and sericulture. They are not known to affect humans.
Ilesha virus
Ilesha virus is an arbovirus found in Africa, transmitted by mosquitoes. It can cause a febrile illness in humans, occasionally progressing to more severe neurological symptoms like encephalitis, but often causes mild disease.
Iltovirus
Iltovirus is a genus of herpesviruses primarily known to infect birds, causing diseases like infectious laryngotracheitis in poultry. These infections lead to significant economic losses but do not affect humans.
Impatiens necrotic spot virus
This virus is a significant plant pathogen, affecting hundreds of plant species, including important ornamentals and crops. It causes necrotic spots and wilting, leading to severe crop losses. It does not affect humans.
Inachis io virus
The Inachis io virus is an unclassified virus isolated from the peacock butterfly (*Inachis io*). Little information is publicly available regarding its specific pathology or broader implications. It is not known to affect humans.
Indian citrus ringspot virus
This virus is a plant pathogen that causes ringspot disease in citrus trees, leading to characteristic leaf symptoms, defoliation, and distorted fruit, impacting agricultural yield. It does not affect humans.
Indian papillon virus
This term likely refers to a papillomavirus found in an animal species in India. Papillomaviruses are known to cause warts and tumors in their specific animal hosts but are typically species-specific. It is not known to affect humans.
Indian peafowl papillomavirus 1
This specific papillomavirus infects peafowl, causing benign skin tumors or papillomas. While these can impact the host, the virus is species-specific and does not pose a threat to human health.
Indonesian soybean dwarf virus
This plant virus is a major threat to soybean cultivation in Southeast Asia, causing severe stunting and reduced yields. It is transmitted by aphids and primarily affects soybean plants, not humans.
Infectious bronchitis virus
This coronavirus is a highly contagious pathogen of chickens, causing acute respiratory disease, reduced egg production, and kidney damage. It is a significant economic concern for the poultry industry and does not affect humans.
Infectious bursal disease virus
Also known as Gumboro disease virus, this highly contagious virus primarily affects young chickens, causing severe immunosuppression and mortality. It targets the bursa of Fabricius. It does not affect humans.
Infectious canine hepatitis virus
This adenovirus causes a highly contagious disease in dogs, affecting the liver, kidneys, and eyes. Symptoms range from mild fever to severe liver failure. It is specific to canids and does not affect humans.
Infectious flacherie virus
This virus is a major pathogen of silkworms, causing “flacherie” disease, characterized by lethargy, loss of appetite, and eventual death. It is a significant economic concern for the sericulture industry and does not affect humans.
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus
This highly virulent virus primarily affects salmon and trout, causing a severe and often fatal hemorrhagic disease with high mortality rates, particularly in young fish. It does not affect humans.
Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus
This parvovirus is a major pathogen in farmed shrimp, causing stunting and significant mortality rates, particularly in juvenile shrimp. It poses a substantial economic threat to the aquaculture industry and does not affect humans.
Infectious laryngotracheitis virus
This herpesvirus causes an acute, highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens, leading to severe breathing difficulties and high mortality. It is a major concern for the poultry industry. It does not affect humans.
Infectious myonecrosis virus
This virus causes myonecrosis in farmed shrimp, leading to white lesions in muscle tissue and significant mortality rates. It is a major problem for the aquaculture industry, impacting shrimp production worldwide. It does not affect humans.
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus
This highly contagious virus primarily affects young salmonid fish (salmon, trout), causing severe disease characterized by internal organ necrosis and high mortality rates, impacting aquaculture. It does not affect humans.
Infectious salmon anemia virus
This orthomyxovirus causes a severe, often fatal, hemorrhagic disease in farmed salmon, leading to significant economic losses in aquaculture. It primarily affects salmonids and does not affect humans.
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus
This virus causes a highly lethal systemic disease in various freshwater fish species, particularly ornamental fish, leading to high mortality rates and significant economic impact in aquaculture. It does not affect humans.
Influenza A virus
Influenza A virus is a major cause of seasonal flu epidemics and pandemics in humans, and also circulates in animals. It causes respiratory illness with varying severity and can be highly contagious.
Influenza B virus
Influenza B virus primarily infects humans and is a significant cause of seasonal flu epidemics, though generally not associated with pandemics. It causes respiratory illness with symptoms similar to Influenza A.
Influenza C virus
Influenza C virus infects humans and pigs, causing a mild respiratory illness, often resembling a common cold. Infections are less frequent and generally less severe than with A or B viruses.
Influenza D virus
Influenza D virus primarily circulates in cattle and swine, causing respiratory symptoms. While related to other influenza viruses, it is not known to infect or cause disease in humans.
Influenza virus
Influenza viruses are RNA viruses that cause influenza, an acute respiratory illness in humans and animals. They are known for their seasonal epidemics and potential to cause pandemics.
Ingwavuma virus
Ingwavuma virus is an arbovirus found in Africa, primarily infecting animals like rodents and birds. Human infections are reported but often asymptomatic or lead to mild, non-specific febrile illness.
Inini virus
Inini virus is an alphavirus isolated in French Guiana. Human infections are rarely documented, but it is considered an arbovirus, potentially causing febrile illness similar to other alphaviruses.
Inkoo virus
Inkoo virus is a mosquito-borne orthobunyavirus found in northern Europe and Russia. It causes febrile illness in humans, and in rare cases, can lead to more severe neurological complications.
Inoviridae
Inoviridae is a family of bacteriophages, meaning viruses that infect bacteria. They are known for their filamentous shape and play a role in bacterial evolution. They do not infect human cells.
Inovirus
Inovirus is a genus within the Inoviridae family, comprising filamentous bacteriophages that infect various bacterial species. They are extensively used in biotechnology but do not affect humans.
Ipeaca virus
Ipeaca virus is a rhabdovirus identified in Brazil, primarily from rodents. Limited information is available on its pathogenicity, and it is not known to cause disease in humans.
Ipomovirus
Ipomovirus is a genus of plant viruses known for infecting important crops like sweet potato and cucurbits. They cause symptoms such as mosaic patterns, stunting, and leaf deformations, impacting agricultural yields. They do not affect humans.
Ippy virus
Ippy virus is a mammarenavirus found in West Africa, primarily circulating in rodents. It can cause a severe, often fatal, hemorrhagic fever in humans, similar to Lassa fever.
Iridoviridae
Iridoviridae is a family of large DNA viruses that infect invertebrates (like insects) and cold-blooded vertebrates (like fish, amphibians, reptiles). They can cause significant disease in aquaculture but do not affect humans.
Iridovirus
Iridovirus is a genus within the Iridoviridae family, encompassing viruses that primarily infect insects and amphibians. They are known for causing iridescent lesions in infected hosts. They do not affect human health.
Iris mild mosaic virus
This plant virus infects iris plants, causing mild mosaic patterns and streaking on leaves, generally not severe enough to cause significant economic losses but impacting ornamental value. It does not affect humans.
Iris severe mosaic virus
This plant virus causes severe mosaic, stunting, and color breaking in iris flowers, significantly reducing their ornamental value and marketability. It is transmitted by aphids and does not affect humans.
Iris yellow spot virus
This orthotospovirus causes significant damage to onion, garlic, and iris crops worldwide, leading to yellow lesions, necrotic streaks, and reduced yield. It is transmitted by thrips and does not affect humans.
Iriri virus
Iriri virus is a rhabdovirus isolated from mosquitoes in Brazil. Its pathogenicity and specific host range are not fully characterized, but it is not known to cause disease in humans.
Isfahan virus
Isfahan virus is a vesiculovirus found in bats, sandflies, and sometimes humans in the Middle East. It can cause a febrile illness in humans, characterized by fever, headache, and a rash.
Isavirus
Isavirus is a genus within the Orthomyxoviridae family, containing viruses like infectious salmon anemia virus. These viruses are significant pathogens of farmed salmon. They do not affect humans.
Issyk-Kul virus
Issyk-Kul virus is an isavirus identified in fish, similar to the Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus. Little detailed information is available on its specific impact or epidemiology, but it is not known to affect humans.
Itacaiunas virus
Itacaiunas virus is a rhabdovirus discovered in mosquitoes and rodents in Brazil. Limited information exists on its specific host range or pathogenicity, and it is not known to affect human health.
Itaituba virus
Itaituba virus is another rhabdovirus isolated from mosquitoes and rodents in Brazil. Its clinical significance and host range are not well-defined, and it is not known to cause disease in humans.
Itaporanga virus
Itaporanga virus is an orthobunyavirus found in mosquitoes and rodents in South America. Human infections are rarely reported, usually resulting in a mild, non-specific febrile illness if symptomatic.
Itaqui alphavirus
Itaqui virus is an alphavirus isolated in Brazil, primarily from mosquitoes and wild animals. It is known to cause febrile illness in humans, with symptoms often including fever, headache, and joint pain.
Itirapina virus
Itirapina virus is an orthobunyavirus isolated from mosquitoes and rodents in Brazil. Human infections are uncommon and, when symptomatic, typically present as a mild febrile illness.
Itupiranga virus
Itupiranga virus is a rhabdovirus identified in mosquitoes and rodents from Brazil. Information on its specific pathogenicity is limited, and it is not known to cause disease in humans.
Ivory Coast ebolavirus
Ivory Coast ebolavirus is a strain of Ebola virus identified in a single human case in Côte d’Ivoire. It causes a severe, often fatal, hemorrhagic fever. Transmission is via direct contact with infected bodily fluids.
Ixodes scapularis idaeovirus
This idaeovirus specifically infects *Ixodes scapularis* ticks, commonly known as deer ticks. Its role in tick biology or vector competence is under investigation, but it does not infect humans.
Ixodes uriae rhabdovirus
This rhabdovirus is found in *Ixodes uriae* ticks, which parasitize seabirds. It is primarily known to circulate between ticks and seabirds and is not known to affect human health.
Izabal virus
Izabal virus is a rhabdovirus discovered in bats in Guatemala. Limited information is available on its pathogenicity or if it poses a risk to other animal species or humans.