Eighty-six scientifically recognized viruses that start with the letter B are documented worldwide, spanning human, animal, plant, and insect hosts. These viruses include well-known pathogens like the B virus, which can cause severe neurological conditions in humans, and plant viruses such as the Banana bunchy top virus that threaten global agriculture. Many B viruses are transmitted by insects or direct contact, highlighting the diverse ways viruses spread across species and environments.
Explore the complete alphabetical list below, organized for clear understanding of each virus’s key traits.
Virus Name This column lists the official name of each virus, allowing quick identification.
Classification Here you find the virus family or genus, which groups viruses by their genetic and structural similarities.
Primary Hosts This indicates whether the virus affects humans, animals, plants, or other organisms, guiding awareness of whom or what is at risk.
Associated Illness/Symptoms This section summarizes the typical health effects or symptoms caused by the virus, helping users recognize potential signs of infection.
Transmission Method This explains how the virus spreads, such as through insect bites, direct contact, respiratory droplets, or seed transmission, which is vital for understanding prevention strategies.
Descripción Provides a brief, clear description of the virus, including notable facts, impact, or significance in health or agriculture.
Viruses that start with B
| Virus | Classification | Affects humans? | Symptoms | Transmission method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B19 virus | Parvoviridae (Erythroparvovirus) | Yes | Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum), arthralgia, transient aplastic crisis. | Respiratory droplets, blood, vertical from mother to fetus. |
| B virus | Herpesviridae (Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1) | Yes | Encephalitis, myelitis, severe neurological damage, potentially fatal if untreated. | Contact with infected monkey saliva, urine, or tissue. |
| Baboon alphaherpesvirus 1 | Herpesviridae (Alphaherpesvirinae) | No | Causes disease in baboons, clinical signs can vary. | Direct contact among baboons. |
| Baculovirus | Baculoviridae | No | Causes lethal systemic infections in insects, often leading to liquefaction. | Oral ingestion of occlusion bodies by insect larvae. |
| Bagaza virus | Flaviviridae (Flavivirus) | Yes | Fever, rash, headache, joint pain, muscle pain. | Mosquito bites (likely Culex species). |
| Bamboo mosaic virus | Potexviridae (Potexvirus) | No | Mosaic patterns on leaves, stunted growth, reduced bamboo vigor. | Mechanical transmission, contaminated tools, possibly vectors. |
| Banana bunchy top virus | Nanoviridae (Babuvirus) | No | Severe stunting, “bunchy top” appearance of leaves, yellow leaf margins. | Banana aphid (Pentalonia nigronervosa). |
| Banana streak virus | Caulimoviridae (Badnavirus) | No | Yellow streaking on leaves, necrosis, reduced fruit yield. | Mealybugs (e.g., Planococcus citri), and also integrated into banana genome. |
| Bandicoot papillomavirus 1 | Papillomaviridae (Omikronpapillomavirus) | No | Causes papillomas (warts) on the skin of bandicoots. | Direct contact. |
| Barmah Forest virus | Togaviridae (Alphavirus) | Yes | Arthralgia (joint pain), rash, fever, fatigue. | Mosquito bites (various species). |
| Barley stripe mosaic virus | Virgaviridae (Hordeivirus) | No | Yellow streaking, mosaic patterns, stunted growth, reduced grain yield. | Seed-borne, mechanical, pollen. |
| Barley yellow dwarf virus | Luteoviridae (Luteovirus) | No | Yellowing/reddening of leaves, stunted growth, reduced grain yield. | Aphids (persistently transmitted). |
| Barramundi nodavirus | Nodaviridae (Betanodavirus) | No | Neurological disease, abnormal swimming, vacuolation in brain/retina, high mortality. | Waterborne (fish to fish). |
| Batai orthobunyavirus | Peribunyaviridae (Orthobunyavirus) | Yes | Febrile illness, headache, myalgia, potentially encephalitis (rare). | Mosquito bites (various species, e.g., Culex). |
| Bat hepevirus | Hepeviridae (Orthohepevirus, Variohepevirus) | Unknown/Potential zoonotic risk | Unknown in humans; potentially liver inflammation. | Fecal-oral, possibly direct contact with bats/guano. |
| Bat adenovirus | Adenoviridae | Unknown/Potential zoonotic risk | Unknown in humans; respiratory or gastrointestinal in bats. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets. |
| Bat coronavirus | Coronaviridae (Alpha- or Betacoronavirus) | Yes | Can be asymptomatic in bats; in humans, varies from common cold to severe respiratory disease (e.g., SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV). | Direct contact with bats, intermediate hosts, or aerosols/droplets. |
| Bat lyssavirus | Rhabdoviridae (Lyssavirus) | Yes | Progressive encephalitis, similar to rabies (fever, headache, paralysis, agitation). | Bite or scratch from infected bat. |
| Bean common mosaic virus | Potyviridae (Potyvirus) | No | Mosaic pattern on leaves, blistering, stunting, reduced yield. | Seed-borne, aphid transmission (non-persistent). |
| Bean common mosaic necrosis virus | Potyviridae (Potyvirus) | No | Systemic necrosis, black root, plant death, especially in resistant varieties. | Seed-borne, aphid transmission (non-persistent). |
| Bean dwarf mosaic virus | Geminiviridae (Begomovirus) | No | Severe stunting, mosaic, leaf distortion, reduced pod set. | Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci). |
| Bean golden mosaic virus | Geminiviridae (Begomovirus) | No | Golden-yellow mosaic, leaf distortion, stunting, reduced yield. | Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci). |
| Bean pod mottle virus | Secoviridae (Comovirus) | No | Pod mottling, leaf mosaic, stunting, reduced yield. | Seed-borne, beetles (e.g., bean leaf beetle). |
| Bean yellow mosaic virus | Potyviridae (Potyvirus) | No | Bright yellow mosaic, leaf distortion, stunting, yield reduction. | Aphids (non-persistent), mechanical. |
| Bearded dragon gammaherpesvirus 1 | Herpesviridae (Gammaherpesvirinae) | No | Liver disease, hepatitis, enteritis, often fatal in bearded dragons. | Direct contact, potentially fecal-oral. |
| Beet curly top virus | Geminiviridae (Curtovirus) | No | Leaf curling, yellowing, stunting, phloem necrosis, severe yield loss. | Beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus). |
| Beet leaf curl virus | Unassigned (RNA virus) | No | Leaf curling, distortion, stunting. | Aphids. |
| Beet mosaic virus | Potyviridae (Potyvirus) | No | Mosaic patterns, vein clearing, leaf distortion, reduced sugar content. | Aphids (non-persistent), mechanical. |
| Beet necrotic yellow vein virus | Benyviridae (Benyvirus) | No | Rhizomania disease; stunted roots, excessive root branching, yellowing, wilting. | Soil-borne fungus Polymyxa betae. |
| Beet western yellows virus | Luteoviridae (Polerovirus) | No | Yellowing of older leaves, thickening, brittleness, reduced yield. | Aphids (persistently transmitted). |
| Begomovirus | Geminiviridae (Genus Begomovirus) | No | Golden mosaic, leaf curling, stunting, leaf deformation in various crops. | Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci). |
| Belladonna mottle virus | Tymoviridae (Tymovirus) | No | Mottle, mosaic, distortion, and stunting on various plants including nightshades. | Mechanical, possibly beetle vectors. |
| Betacoronavirus | Coronaviridae (Genus Betacoronavirus) | Yes | Common cold symptoms to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS, MERS, COVID-19). | Respiratory droplets, aerosols, direct/indirect contact, zoonotic spillover. |
| Betanodavirus | Nodaviridae (Genus Betanodavirus) | No | Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN); abnormal swimming, lethargy, high mortality in fish. | Waterborne transmission (fish to fish). |
| Bhanja virus | Phenuiviridae (Phlebovirus) | Yes | Febrile illness, headache, myalgia, sometimes meningitis or meningoencephalitis. | Tick bites (Ixodidae family). |
| Birch lake virus | Peribunyaviridae (Orthobunyavirus) | Unknown | Unknown in humans; potential febrile illness if zoonotic. | Mosquitoes (identified in Aedes mosquitos). |
| BK polyomavirus | Polyomaviridae (Alphapolyomavirus) | Yes | Often asymptomatic; can cause polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PVAN) in immunocompromised individuals. | Respiratory secretions, urine (reactivation of latent infection). |
| Black queen cell virus | Dicistroviridae (Dicistrovirus) | No | Kills honey bee larvae and pupae (especially queens), darkening and sac-like appearance. | Trophallaxis (food sharing), contaminated royal jelly. |
| Blackberry chlorotic ringspot virus | Foveaviridae (Foveavirus) | No | Chlorotic ringspots, mottling, leaf distortion, reduced fruit quality. | Mechanical, possibly nematode vectors. |
| Blackcurrant reversion virus | Caulimoviridae (Tungrovirus) | No | Reversion” of blackcurrant plants; loss of flowering/fruiting, altered leaf shape, increased growth. | Blackcurrant gall mite (Cecidophyopsis ribis). |
| Bluetongue virus | Reoviridae (Orbivirus) | No | Fever, edema, hemorrhages, cyanotic tongue (“blue tongue”) in sheep; milder in cattle. | Culicoides biting midges. |
| Bokeloh bat lyssavirus | Rhabdoviridae (Lyssavirus) | Unknown | Unknown in humans; potentially fatal neurological disease like rabies. | Bite or scratch from infected bat. |
| Bombali ebolavirus | Filoviridae (Orthoebolavirus) | Unknown | Unknown in humans; potentially severe hemorrhagic fever. | Unknown, likely contact with infected animals (e.g., bats). |
| Bombyx mori densovirus | Parvoviridae (Densovirinae) | No | Causes “flacherie” in silkworms; lethargy, reduced appetite, growth retardation, death. | Oral ingestion, contact. |
| Border disease virus | Flaviviridae (Pestivirus) | No | In sheep/goats, “hairy shaker” lambs, abortion, stillbirths, congenital defects, reduced growth. | Direct contact, vertical (dam to fetus). |
| Borna disease virus 1 | Bornaviridae (Orthobornavirus) | Yes (rarely, controversial) | Neurological disease, encephalitis, behavioral changes, typically in horses and sheep. Link to human psychiatric disorders is debated. | Unknown, possibly inhalation or contact with secretions/excretions. |
| Botrytis virus F | Mitoviridae (Mitovirus) | No | Affects the pathogenicity of the fungus Botrytis cinerea, potentially reducing its virulence. | Within fungal mycelium, conidia. |
| Botrytis virus X | Partitiviridae (Alphapartitivirus) | No | Affects the pathogenicity of the fungus Botrytis cinerea, potentially altering its growth. | Within fungal mycelium, conidia. |
| Boubou-like virus | Phenuiviridae (Orthophlebovirus) | Unknown | Unknown in humans; potential febrile illness if zoonotic. | Phlebotomine sandflies. |
| Bovine adenovirus | Adenoviridae (Mastadenovirus) | No | Respiratory disease, enteritis, conjunctivitis in cattle. | Direct contact, respiratory droplets, fecal-oral. |
| Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 | Herpesviridae (Alphaherpesvirinae) | No | Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), vulvovaginitis, balanoposthitis, abortions. | Direct contact, respiratory secretions, venereal. |
| Bovine alphaherpesvirus 2 | Herpesviridae (Alphaherpesvirinae) | No | Bovine Mammillitis, Pseudo-lumpy Skin Disease; skin lesions on teats, udder, face, neck. | Direct contact, biting insects. |
| Bovine astrovirus | Astroviridae (Mamastrovirus) | No | Diarrhea, especially in calves; mild or subclinical. | Fecal-oral. |
| Bovine coronavirus | Coronaviridae (Betacoronavirus) | No | Neonatal calf diarrhea, winter dysentery in adult cattle, respiratory disease. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets. |
| Bovine ephemeral fever virus | Rhabdoviridae (Ephemerovirus) | No | Ephemeral fever (3-day sickness); sudden fever, shivering, lameness, muscle stiffness, recovery. | Biting insects (mosquitoes, midges). |
| Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 | Herpesviridae (Gammaherpesvirinae) | No | Often asymptomatic; may be associated with reproductive disorders or respiratory disease. | Direct contact. |
| Bovine immunodeficiency virus | Retroviridae (Lentivirus) | No | Often subclinical; can cause generalized lymphadenopathy, progressive weight loss, secondary infections. | Direct contact, blood, possibly vertical. |
| Bovine kobuvirus | Picornaviridae (Kobuvirus) | No | Associated with diarrhea in calves; often found in co-infections. | Fecal-oral. |
| Bovine leukemia virus | Retroviridae (Deltaretrovirus) | No | Often asymptomatic; can cause enzootic bovine leukosis (lymphosarcoma) in a small percentage of infected cattle. | Direct contact with blood/secretions, contaminated needles. |
| Bovine papillomavirus | Papillomaviridae (Delta-, Epsilon-, Xipapillomavirus) | No | Causes benign tumors (warts or papillomas) on skin, alimentary tract, or bladder of cattle. | Direct contact. |
| Bovine papular stomatitis virus | Poxviridae (Parapoxvirus) | Yes | Oral lesions (papules) in young cattle. In humans, “milker’s nodules” (lesions on hands/arms). | Direct contact with infected cattle or fomites. |
| Bovine parainfluenza virus 3 | Paramyxoviridae (Respirovirus) | No | Respiratory disease, fever, cough, nasal discharge, pneumonia in cattle. | Respiratory droplets. |
| Bovine parvovirus | Parvoviridae (Protoparvovirus) | No | Subclinical; can cause mild enteritis or reproductive issues in cattle, especially calves. | Fecal-oral. |
| Bovine polyomavirus | Polyomaviridae (Alphapolyomavirus) | No | Generally asymptomatic in cattle. | Unknown, likely widespread in cattle. |
| Bovine respiratory syncytial virus | Pneumoviridae (Orthopneumovirus) | No | Severe respiratory disease, pneumonia, dyspnea, fever in cattle, especially calves. | Respiratory droplets, direct contact. |
| Bovine rotavirus A | Reoviridae (Rotavirus) | No | Severe diarrhea (calf scours), dehydration, high mortality in young calves. | Fecal-oral. |
| Bovine torovirus | Tobaniviridae (Torovirus) | No | Diarrhea in calves; often associated with winter dysentery in adult cattle. | Fecal-oral. |
| Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 | Flaviviridae (Pestivirus) | No | Range from subclinical to severe; immunosuppression, respiratory, reproductive, or enteric disease. Mucosal disease in persistently infected. | Direct contact, vertical (transplacental), contaminated equipment. |
| Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 | Flaviviridae (Pestivirus) | No | Often more severe than BVDV1; hemorrhagic syndrome, high fever, high mortality. | Direct contact, vertical (transplacental), contaminated equipment. |
| Broad bean mottle virus | Bromoviridae (Bromovirus) | No | Mottle, mosaic, leaf distortion, stunting, reduced yield in legumes. | Mechanical, seed-borne, beetle vectors (e.g., pea aphid). |
| Broad bean stain virus | Secoviridae (Fabavirus) | No | Mottling, mosaic, necrosis, stunting, reduced yield in broad beans. | Seed-borne, mechanical, possibly beetle vectors. |
| Broad bean wilt virus 1 | Secoviridae (Fabavirus) | No | Wilting, mosaic, necrosis, stunting, severe yield loss in broad beans and other plants. | Aphids (non-persistent), mechanical, seed-borne. |
| Broad bean wilt virus 2 | Secoviridae (Fabavirus) | No | Wilting, mosaic, necrosis, stunting, severe yield loss, often more severe than BBWV1. | Aphids (non-persistent), mechanical, seed-borne. |
| Broccoli necrotic yellows virus | Rhabdoviridae (Cytorhabdovirus) | No | Yellowing, necrosis, stunted growth, reduced yield in brassicas. | Aphids (Myzus persicae). |
| Brome mosaic virus | Bromoviridae (Bromovirus) | No | Mosaic, streaking, stunted growth, reduced yield in cereals and grasses. | Mechanical, seed-borne, possibly pollen, beetle vectors (rare). |
| Brome streak mosaic virus | Virgaviridae (Hordeivirus) | No | Streaking, mosaic, stunted growth in grasses and cereals. | Mechanical, seed-borne, pollen. |
| Brucella phage Bp1 | Myoviridae (Bcepimvirinae) | No | Lytic infection of Brucella bacteria, potentially used for phage therapy or diagnostics. | Infects bacteria directly. |
| Bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 | Herpesviridae (Alphaherpesvirinae) | No | Causes disease in water buffalo, similar to IBR in cattle (respiratory, reproductive). | Direct contact, respiratory secretions, venereal. |
| Buffalopox virus | Poxviridae (Orthopoxvirus) | Yes | In buffalo, skin lesions, fever. In humans, localized skin lesions (pustules, scabs) on hands/arms. | Direct contact with infected buffalo or contaminated materials. |
| Buggy Creek virus | Phenuiviridae (Orthophlebovirus) | Unknown | Unknown in humans; associated with seabird mortality. | Soft ticks (Ornithodoros concanensis), specifically from swallows. |
| Bujaru phlebovirus | Phenuiviridae (Phlebovirus) | Yes | Febrile illness, headache, myalgia (limited data). | Sandflies (e.g., Lutzomyia species). |
| Bundibugyo ebolavirus | Filoviridae (Orthoebolavirus) | Yes | Severe hemorrhagic fever, high fever, fatigue, vomiting, diarrhea, unexplained bleeding. | Direct contact with blood/body fluids of infected humans or animals. |
| Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus | Peribunyaviridae (Orthobunyavirus) | Yes | Febrile illness, headache, myalgia, rarely encephalitis. | Mosquitoes (various species). |
| Burkholderia phage Bcep1 | Myoviridae | No | Lytic infection of Burkholderia bacteria, potential for anti-bacterial therapy. | Infects bacteria directly. |
| Bushbush virus | Peribunyaviridae (Orthobunyavirus) | Unknown | Unknown in humans; potential for febrile illness. | Mosquitoes. |
| Bussuquara virus | Flaviviridae (Flavivirus) | Yes | Febrile illness, headache, myalgia, arthralgia. | Mosquito bites (Aedes, Culex species). |
Descriptions
B19 virus
The B19 virus, also known as Parvovirus B19, is a common human pathogen causing Fifth disease, characterized by a distinct “slapped cheek” rash. It can also lead to joint pain in adults and transient aplastic crisis in individuals with certain blood disorders.
B virus
B virus, or Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1, is a simian virus naturally occurring in macaque monkeys. While rare in humans, infection can cause severe and often fatal encephalomyelitis if not promptly treated, emphasizing cautious handling of monkeys.
Baboon alphaherpesvirus 1
Baboon alphaherpesvirus 1 is a herpesvirus primarily affecting baboons. It is part of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, known for causing various diseases in their natural hosts. Its specific clinical impact on baboons varies depending on the strain.
Baculovirus
Baculoviruses are a family of viruses that infect invertebrates, mainly insects. They are widely studied as biological pesticides because they are highly specific to their insect hosts and do not replicate in vertebrate cells, posing no threat to humans or beneficial organisms.
Bagaza virus
Bagaza virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus first identified in Uganda. It can cause febrile illness in humans, presenting with symptoms like fever, rash, headaches, and muscle or joint pain. It primarily circulates in birds.
Bamboo mosaic virus
Bamboo mosaic virus is a plant pathogen belonging to the Potexviridae family. It infects various bamboo species, causing characteristic mosaic patterns on leaves, stunting, and reduced overall plant vigor. It is primarily spread through mechanical means.
Banana bunchy top virus
Banana bunchy top virus is a devastating plant virus that causes the banana bunchy top disease, a major threat to banana production worldwide. Infected plants exhibit severe stunting, reduced fruit yield, and characteristic ‘bunchy’ leaves that are upright and crowded.
Banana streak virus
Banana streak virus is a DNA plant virus belonging to the Badnavirus genus, affecting banana and plantain crops. It causes yellow streaking and necrosis on leaves, reducing fruit yield. It can be transmitted by mealybugs or activated from endogenous viral sequences.
Bandicoot papillomavirus 1
Bandicoot papillomavirus 1 is a type of papillomavirus identified in bandicoots. Similar to other papillomaviruses, it is known to cause cutaneous papillomas or warts on the skin of its marsupial hosts. Its impact is generally limited to bandicoot populations.
Barmah Forest virus
Barmah Forest virus is an arbovirus endemic to Australia, transmitted by mosquitoes. It causes a common mosquito-borne disease in humans, primarily characterized by arthritis, rash, fever, and fatigue, often lasting several weeks or months.
Barley stripe mosaic virus
Barley stripe mosaic virus is an RNA plant virus that infects barley and other cereal crops. It causes distinctive yellow streaking and mosaic patterns on leaves, leading to stunted growth and significant reductions in grain yield. It is primarily seed-borne.
Barley yellow dwarf virus
Barley yellow dwarf virus is a widespread and economically important plant virus affecting cereal crops like barley, wheat, and oats. It causes characteristic yellowing or reddening of leaves, stunting, and severe yield losses. It is exclusively transmitted by aphids.
Barramundi nodavirus
Barramundi nodavirus is a serious pathogen affecting aquaculture, particularly barramundi and other marine fish. It causes Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN), a neurological disease leading to abnormal swimming, vacuolation in the brain, and high mortality rates in young fish.
Batai orthobunyavirus
Batai orthobunyavirus is an arthropod-borne virus found in Africa, Asia, and Europe. While often asymptomatic, it can cause a mild febrile illness in humans with symptoms like headache and muscle aches. Rare cases of encephalitis have been reported.
Bat hepevirus
Bat hepeviruses are diverse viruses found in various bat species, belonging to the same family as Hepatitis E virus. Their zoonotic potential for humans is still under investigation, but they are a focus of research for emerging infectious diseases.
Bat adenovirus
Bat adenoviruses are a diverse group of viruses found in bats worldwide. While specific human pathogenicity is largely unknown, bats are recognized reservoirs for various viruses. Research explores their potential for cross-species transmission and public health implications.
Bat coronavirus
Bat coronaviruses are a vast group of viruses found in bats, which are natural reservoirs. Some strains have spilled over to humans, causing significant respiratory illnesses like SARS and MERS. They highlight the importance of zoonotic disease surveillance.
Bat lyssavirus
Bat lyssaviruses are rabies-like viruses found in bats globally, posing a fatal zoonotic risk to humans. Infection, typically via bat bites or scratches, causes progressive encephalitis. Immediate post-exposure prophylaxis is critical to prevent fatal outcomes.
Bean common mosaic virus
Bean common mosaic virus is a prevalent plant virus affecting common beans and other legumes. It causes mosaic patterns, blistering, and stunting of leaves, leading to significant yield losses. It is readily transmitted through seeds and by aphids.
Bean common mosaic necrosis virus
Bean common mosaic necrosis virus is a strain of Bean common mosaic virus that causes more severe symptoms, including systemic necrosis and black root, particularly in bean varieties bred for resistance to the common strain. It is also seed-borne.
Bean dwarf mosaic virus
Bean dwarf mosaic virus is a begomovirus that infects common beans and other legumes, primarily in the Americas. It causes severe stunting, mosaic patterns, and leaf distortion, significantly impacting yield. It is transmitted by whiteflies.
Bean golden mosaic virus
Bean golden mosaic virus is a significant plant pathogen, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. It causes distinct golden-yellow mosaic patterns and distortion on bean leaves, leading to severe yield losses. Whiteflies transmit this devastating virus.
Bean pod mottle virus
Bean pod mottle virus is an isometric plant virus that primarily infects common beans, causing symptoms like pod mottling, leaf mosaic, and stunting. It is unique in being transmitted by beetles, as well as being seed-borne.
Bean yellow mosaic virus
Bean yellow mosaic virus is a widespread plant virus with a broad host range, including legumes, gladioli, and clovers. It causes bright yellow mosaic patterns and distortion on leaves, leading to significant crop yield losses. Aphids are primary vectors.
Bearded dragon gammaherpesvirus 1
Bearded dragon gammaherpesvirus 1 is a significant pathogen for pet bearded dragons. It causes severe liver disease (hepatitis) and enteritis, often leading to rapid decline and death in affected reptiles. It is spread through direct contact.
Beet curly top virus
Beet curly top virus is a devastating plant virus that affects sugar beets, beans, tomatoes, and other crops. It causes leaf curling, yellowing, and severe stunting, leading to significant yield losses. It is transmitted by the beet leafhopper.
Beet leaf curl virus
Beet leaf curl virus is a plant virus known to affect beet crops, causing symptoms such as distinctive leaf curling, distortion, and stunted plant growth. It is primarily transmitted between plants by aphid vectors, impacting agricultural yields.
Beet mosaic virus
Beet mosaic virus is a common plant virus infecting sugar beets and other Chenopodiaceae family members. It causes mosaic patterns, vein clearing, and leaf distortion, potentially reducing sugar content and overall yield. It is primarily spread by aphids.
Beet necrotic yellow vein virus
Beet necrotic yellow vein virus is the causative agent of rhizomania disease in sugar beets, a major economic threat. It causes stunted, hairy roots, yellowing leaves, and wilting. This virus is transmitted by a soil-borne fungus, making control challenging.
Beet western yellows virus
Beet western yellows virus is a widespread plant virus affecting numerous crops including sugar beets, canola, and lettuce. It causes yellowing of older leaves, which become brittle, leading to significant yield reductions. It is transmitted persistently by aphids.
Begomovirus
Begomoviruses are a large and economically important genus of plant viruses in the Geminiviridae family, known for their distinctive geminate (twin) particle shape. They cause devastating diseases like golden mosaic and leaf curling in crops worldwide, transmitted by whiteflies.
Belladonna mottle virus
Belladonna mottle virus is a plant virus from the Tymoviridae family. It causes mottling, mosaic patterns, and distortion on the leaves of plants, particularly those in the Solanaceae family, such as deadly nightshade. It is mainly spread mechanically.
Betacoronavirus
Betacoronaviruses are a genus of coronaviruses that includes several significant human pathogens, notably SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 (which causes COVID-19). They typically cause respiratory illnesses, ranging from mild to severe, often originating from bats.
Betanodavirus
Betanodaviruses are a genus of RNA viruses that cause Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) or encephalopathy and retinopathy, a highly destructive disease in over 100 marine and freshwater fish species. It leads to significant mortality in aquaculture.
Bhanja virus
Bhanja virus is a tick-borne phlebovirus circulating in Africa, Asia, and Europe. It can cause a self-limiting febrile illness in humans, characterized by fever, headache, and muscle pain. Rarely, it may lead to more severe neurological complications.
Birch lake virus
Birch Lake virus is an orthobunyavirus first isolated from mosquitoes in Canada. Its pathogenic potential for humans is largely unknown, but as an arbovirus, it is a subject of ongoing research to assess any public health risks.
BK polyomavirus
BK polyomavirus is a common human virus, usually acquired in childhood and remaining latent. It is generally asymptomatic but can cause severe kidney disease (PVAN) in immunocompromised patients, particularly kidney transplant recipients, due to viral reactivation.
Black queen cell virus
Black queen cell virus is a widespread pathogen of honey bees, primarily affecting queen bee larvae and pupae. Infected larvae turn dark brown or black and form a sac-like appearance, leading to their death within queen cells, impacting colony health.
Blackberry chlorotic ringspot virus
Blackberry chlorotic ringspot virus is a plant virus that affects blackberry and other Rubus species. It causes distinctive chlorotic (yellow) ringspots and mottling on leaves, leading to leaf distortion and reduced fruit yield and quality.
Blackcurrant reversion virus
Blackcurrant reversion virus is a plant virus that causes the “reversion” disease in blackcurrant bushes, leading to a dramatic loss of fruit production. Infected plants exhibit altered leaf shape, increased vegetative growth, but barrenness. It is transmitted by gall mites.
Bluetongue virus
Bluetongue virus is an economically important arbovirus affecting ruminants, particularly sheep, causing severe hemorrhagic disease. Symptoms include fever, swelling of the face and tongue, and a characteristic blue tongue. It is transmitted by biting midges.
Bokeloh bat lyssavirus
Bokeloh bat lyssavirus is a recently identified lyssavirus found in bats in Germany. As with other lyssaviruses, it is related to rabies virus and has zoonotic potential, meaning it could cause fatal neurological disease in humans if transmitted.
Bombali ebolavirus
Bombali ebolavirus is a newly discovered species of ebolavirus, identified in bats in Sierra Leone. Its ability to cause disease in humans is currently unknown, but due to its relation to other ebolaviruses, it is being closely monitored.
Bombyx mori densovirus
Bombyx mori densovirus is a major pathogen of silkworms, causing “flacherie,” a devastating disease in sericulture. Infected larvae become sluggish, stop feeding, and often die, leading to significant economic losses in silk production.
Border disease virus
Border disease virus is a pestivirus affecting sheep and goats. It causes “hairy shaker” lamb syndrome, characterized by hairy coats, tremors, and growth retardation in congenitally infected animals, and can lead to abortions or stillbirths in dams.
Borna disease virus 1
Borna disease virus 1 is an RNA virus causing neurological disease in horses and sheep. Its role in human diseases, especially psychiatric disorders, remains controversial and subject of ongoing research. Transmission routes are not fully understood.
Botrytis virus F
Botrytis virus F is a mycovirus, meaning it infects fungi, specifically Botrytis cinerea, a common plant pathogen. It can alter the virulence of its fungal host, potentially reducing the severity of diseases caused by Botrytis.
Botrytis virus X
Botrytis virus X is a mycovirus that infects the plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. It can influence the fungus’s growth, development, and virulence, impacting its ability to cause plant diseases.
Boubou-like virus
Boubou-like virus is a phlebovirus detected in sandflies in Africa. While its direct impact on human health is not well-documented, other phleboviruses transmitted by sandflies can cause febrile illnesses, warranting further study.
Bovine adenovirus
Bovine adenoviruses are a group of DNA viruses that cause various diseases in cattle, including respiratory infections, enteritis (diarrhea), and conjunctivitis. They are widespread in cattle populations and contribute to bovine respiratory disease complex.
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 is the cause of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), a significant respiratory disease in cattle. It can also cause genital infections and abortions, leading to substantial economic losses in the cattle industry.
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 2
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 2 causes two distinct diseases in cattle: Bovine Mammillitis, characterized by painful udder lesions, and Pseudo-lumpy Skin Disease, which involves generalized skin nodules. It is transmitted through direct contact or biting insects.
Bovine astrovirus
Bovine astroviruses are RNA viruses found in cattle, primarily associated with mild to moderate diarrhea in calves. They contribute to the complex of pathogens causing enteric diseases in young livestock, though infections are often subclinical.
Bovine coronavirus
Bovine coronavirus is a common pathogen in cattle, causing neonatal calf diarrhea, a significant cause of economic loss. It also causes winter dysentery in adult cattle and can contribute to bovine respiratory disease complex.
Bovine ephemeral fever virus
Bovine ephemeral fever virus causes “3-day sickness” in cattle, characterized by sudden fever, stiffness, lameness, and reduced milk production. While not usually fatal, it causes significant production losses. It is transmitted by biting insects.
Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4
Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 is a widely distributed virus in cattle populations. While often latent and asymptomatic, it has been associated with reproductive disorders, respiratory issues, and other conditions, though its pathogenicity is less clear than other bovine herpesviruses.
Bovine immunodeficiency virus
Bovine immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus, related to HIV, that infects cattle. While typically not causing overt disease, it can lead to subtle immunodeficiency, making animals more susceptible to secondary infections and potentially affecting productivity.
Bovine kobuvirus
Bovine kobuvirus is a picornavirus identified in cattle, frequently detected in calves with diarrhea. Its precise role as a primary pathogen is still under investigation, as it is often found alongside other enteric viruses.
Bovine leukemia virus
Bovine leukemia virus is a retrovirus that causes enzootic bovine leukosis, a neoplastic disease of lymphocytes, in cattle. While most infected animals remain asymptomatic, a small percentage develop lymphosarcoma. It is a major concern in dairy industries.
Bovine papillomavirus
Bovine papillomaviruses are a diverse group of DNA viruses that cause papillomas (warts) in cattle, which can appear on the skin, teats, or internal mucous membranes. While usually benign, some types are associated with oncogenesis.
Bovine papular stomatitis virus
Bovine papular stomatitis virus causes mild, self-limiting lesions in the mouths of young cattle. Rarely, it can be transmitted to humans, causing “milker’s nodules,” benign lesions on hands or arms, which resolve spontaneously.
Bovine parainfluenza virus 3
Bovine parainfluenza virus 3 is a major component of the bovine respiratory disease complex, particularly in calves. It causes respiratory symptoms like coughing, nasal discharge, and fever, often predisposing animals to secondary bacterial infections.
Bovine parvovirus
Bovine parvovirus is a widespread DNA virus in cattle, often causing asymptomatic or mild infections. It has been associated with enteritis in calves and reproductive problems in adults, though its clinical significance is generally considered low.
Bovine polyomavirus
Bovine polyomavirus is commonly found in cattle, with infections typically being asymptomatic and subclinical. While it belongs to the same family as human polyomaviruses like BK virus, it is not known to cause disease in cattle or humans.
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus is a highly important respiratory pathogen in cattle, particularly in calves. It causes severe pneumonia, cough, fever, and breathing difficulties, contributing significantly to bovine respiratory disease complex.
Bovine rotavirus A
Bovine rotavirus A is a primary cause of severe acute diarrhea, or “calf scours,” in neonatal calves. It leads to significant dehydration and can result in high mortality rates, making it a major economic burden for cattle producers worldwide.
Bovine torovirus
Bovine torovirus is an RNA virus that causes diarrhea in young calves and is strongly associated with winter dysentery in adult cattle. It contributes to the complex of enteric pathogens affecting bovine health.
Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1
Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 is a widespread pestivirus causing a range of clinical signs in cattle, including reproductive failure, respiratory disease, and diarrhea. Persistently infected animals are important sources of transmission and can develop fatal mucosal disease.
Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2
Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 is a more virulent pestivirus strain compared to BVDV1, causing severe hemorrhagic syndrome, high fever, and often high mortality in cattle. Like BVDV1, it can also lead to mucosal disease in persistently infected animals.
Broad bean mottle virus
Broad bean mottle virus is a plant virus that infects various legumes, including broad beans, causing mottling, mosaic patterns, and distortion on leaves. It is transmitted mechanically, through seeds, and by certain beetle vectors.
Broad bean stain virus
Broad bean stain virus is a plant virus primarily affecting broad beans, causing symptoms such as mottling, mosaic patterns, and necrotic lesions. It is an important seed-borne pathogen that can significantly reduce crop yields.
Broad bean wilt virus 1
Broad bean wilt virus 1 is a polyphagous plant virus with a wide host range, including broad beans, causing severe wilting, mosaic, and necrosis. It is a significant pathogen transmitted by aphids, mechanically, and through seeds.
Broad bean wilt virus 2
Broad bean wilt virus 2 is a distinct strain or species from BBWV1, also causing severe wilting, mosaic, and necrosis in a broad range of plant hosts, including broad beans. It is also transmitted by aphids, mechanically, and through seeds.
Broccoli necrotic yellows virus
Broccoli necrotic yellows virus is a plant rhabdovirus that infects brassica crops like broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower. It causes yellowing, necrotic spots, and stunted growth, impacting the quality and yield of these vegetables. It is transmitted by aphids.
Brome mosaic virus
Brome mosaic virus is a well-studied RNA plant virus that infects a wide range of grasses and cereal crops. It causes mosaic and streaking patterns on leaves, leading to stunted growth and reduced grain yield.
Brome streak mosaic virus
Brome streak mosaic virus is a plant virus affecting various grasses and cereal crops. It causes distinct streaking and mosaic patterns on leaves, often leading to stunted plant growth and reduced yields. It is readily transmitted mechanically and through seeds.
Brucella phage Bp1
Brucella phage Bp1 is a bacteriophage, meaning it’s a virus that infects and replicates within specific bacteria, in this case, Brucella species. It is used in diagnostic tests for Brucellosis and has potential for bacteriophage therapy research.
Bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1
Bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 is a herpesvirus that primarily infects water buffalo. It is closely related to Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (IBR virus) and causes similar respiratory and reproductive diseases in its host.
Buffalopox virus
Buffalopox virus is an orthopoxvirus that causes skin lesions in buffalo and can be transmitted to humans. In humans, it typically causes localized, self-limiting skin lesions, similar to cowpox or vaccinia, primarily affecting dairy workers.
Buggy Creek virus
Buggy Creek virus is a phlebovirus discovered in soft ticks associated with Cliff Swallows in North America. While its impact on humans is not well-established, it is known to cause significant mortality in swallow nestlings.
Bujaru phlebovirus
Bujaru phlebovirus is an arthropod-borne virus first isolated in Brazil. It can cause a mild febrile illness in humans, presenting with general symptoms like headache and muscle pain. It is transmitted by sandflies.
Bundibugyo ebolavirus
Bundibugyo ebolavirus is one of the five species of Ebolavirus that cause severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans. It was first identified in Uganda in 2007, leading to significant outbreaks with high mortality rates.
Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus
Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus is the prototype virus for the Orthobunyavirus genus, found in Africa. It causes a mild, self-limiting febrile illness in humans, characterized by fever, headache, and muscle pain. Encephalitis is rare.
Burkholderia phage Bcep1
Burkholderia phage Bcep1 is a bacteriophage that specifically infects bacteria of the genus Burkholderia. Research into this phage explores its potential as a therapeutic agent against antibiotic-resistant Burkholderia infections, particularly Burkholderia cepacia complex.
Bushbush virus
Bushbush virus is an orthobunyavirus identified from mosquitoes in Colombia. Its clinical significance for humans is currently unknown, but as an arbovirus, it is a subject of ongoing surveillance and research for potential public health impact.
Bussuquara virus
Bussuquara virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus first isolated in Brazil. It can cause a mild, self-limiting febrile illness in humans, with symptoms including fever, headache, and muscle or joint pain. It primarily circulates in wild animals.