There are 129 scientifically recognized viruses that start with the letter “E,” ranging from well-known human pathogens to viruses that affect animals, plants, and bacteria worldwide. Many of these viruses come from diverse families and have unique ways of spreading, such as mosquito bites, contact with bodily fluids, or insect vectors. Some cause serious illness in humans, like Ebola virus and Epstein-Barr virus, while others impact agriculture or animal health. This list offers a comprehensive picture of the variety and importance of viruses beginning with “E.”
Below is a detailed table presenting these viruses along with key facts about each one.
Virus Name This column lists the official name of each virus, providing the exact term used by scientists and health organizations.
Family (Classification) This shows the viral family or group to which each virus belongs. Knowing the family helps understand the virus’s structure, behavior, and related viruses.
Primary Hosts (Affects Humans?) This indicates whether the virus infects humans, animals, plants, bacteria, or other organisms. It helps identify which viruses pose health risks to people.
Associated Illness/Symptoms This section summarizes the main symptoms or diseases the virus can cause, offering insight into its impact on health or the environment.
Transmission Method This describes how the virus spreads from one host to another, including direct contact, insect bites, airborne droplets, or other ways.
Descripción This brief description gives extra context about each virus, including details on its effects, significance, and any special characteristics important for understanding its role.
Viruses that start with E
| Viruses | Classification | Affects Humans? | Symptoms | Transmission Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ebola virus | Filoviridae | Yes | Severe fever, hemorrhagic symptoms, multi-organ failure | Direct contact with bodily fluids |
| Eastern equine encephalitis virus | Togaviridae | Yes (zoonotic) | Fever, headache, vomiting; severe cases lead to encephalitis, seizures, coma | Mosquito bites (e.g., Culiseta melanura) |
| Ectromelia virus | Poxviridae | No | Swelling, skin lesions, necrosis of limbs, often fatal in mice | Direct contact, aerosols, fomites |
| Egg drop syndrome virus | Adenoviridae | No | Laying of soft-shelled, shell-less, or depigmented eggs in chickens | Vertical (parent to chick) and horizontal (contact, contaminated water/feed) |
| Eggplant chlorotic dwarf virus | Tombusviridae | No | Chlorosis (yellowing), dwarfing, mosaic patterns on eggplant leaves | Soil-borne, possibly through root contact |
| Eggplant Colombian datura virus | Potyviridae | No | Mosaic, mottling, distortion, and stunting of eggplant leaves | Aphid transmission |
| Eggplant golden mosaic virus | Geminiviridae | No | Bright yellow mosaic patterns on eggplant leaves, distortion | Whitefly transmission |
| Eggplant green mosaic virus | Potyviridae | No | Green mosaic, mottling, vein clearing on eggplant leaves | Aphid transmission |
| Eggplant mild leaf-curl virus | Geminiviridae | No | Mild leaf curling, distortion, slight yellowing on eggplant | Whitefly transmission |
| Eggplant mosaic virus | Tymoviridae | No | Mosaic, mottling, distortion, and blistering on eggplant leaves | Mechanical, possibly beetle transmission |
| Eggplant mottled crinkle virus | Tombusviridae | No | Mottled crinkling, distortion, and necrosis on eggplant leaves | Soil-borne, mechanical |
| Eggplant mottled dwarf virus | Rhabdoviridae | No | Mottling, dwarfing, malformation, and vein clearing on eggplant | Aphid transmission |
| Eggplant severe mottle virus | Tombusviridae | No | Severe mottling, distortion, stunting, and necrosis on eggplant | Soil-borne, mechanical |
| Eggplant vein-yellowing virus | Luteoviridae | No | Vein yellowing, interveinal chlorosis, stunting on eggplant | Aphid transmission |
| Ehrlichia phage PE-1 | Siphoviridae | No | Lysis of Ehrlichia bacteria | Via host Ehrlichia bacteria |
| Eilat virus | Flaviviridae | No | Asymptomatic in mosquitoes; no known human pathology | Mosquito bites (Culex, Aedes) |
| Elderberry carlavirus | Betaflexiviridae | No | Mild mosaic, mottling on elderberry leaves | Aphid transmission |
| Elderberry latent virus | Bromoviridae | No | Often asymptomatic (latent) in elderberry; mild mosaic if symptomatic | Mechanical, seed, pollen |
| Elderberry-associated virus | Unclassified | No | Symptoms vary, potentially mosaic or distortion on elderberry | Unknown, likely insect vector |
| Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1 | Herpesviridae | No | Hemorrhagic disease, multi-organ failure, rapid death in elephants | Direct contact, bodily fluids |
| Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 2 | Herpesviridae | No | Hemorrhagic disease, multi-organ failure, rapid death in elephants | Direct contact, bodily fluids |
| Elizabethkingia virus E1 | Podoviridae | No | Lysis of Elizabethkingia bacteria | Via host Elizabethkingia bacteria |
| Elm mottle virus | Bromoviridae | No | Mottling, distortion, necrosis on elm leaves | Mechanical, possibly nematode or pollen |
| Embu virus | Nairoviridae | No | Fever, joint pain, malaise (in animals); limited human data | Tick bites |
| Emericella-infecting polymycovirus 1 | Polymycoviridae | No | Infection of Emericella fungi; often asymptomatic or affecting fungal growth | Unknown, possibly vertical in fungus |
| Encephalomyocarditis virus | Picornaviridae | Yes (rarely, via zoonotic route) | Myocarditis, neurological signs (in animals); rare human flu-like illness | Rodent feces/urine, aerosols, contaminated food/water |
| Endive necrotic mosaic virus | Potyviridae | No | Necrotic mosaic, mottling, stunting on endive leaves | Aphid transmission |
| Endive yellow vein virus | Luteoviridae | No | Yellowing of veins, leaf chlorosis, stunting on endive leaves | Aphid transmission |
| Enseada virus | Peribunyaviridae | No | No known human or animal disease; isolated from mosquitoes | Mosquito bites |
| Entamoeba virus L1 | Totiviridae | No | Infection of Entamoeba protozoa; affects parasite virulence | Unknown, likely cell-to-cell spread in host |
| Enteric virus | Various (e.g., Norovirus, Rotavirus, Adenovirus) | Yes | Gastroenteritis, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain | Fecal-oral route (contaminated food/water, person-to-person contact) |
| Enterobacteria phage C1 | Podoviridae | No | Lysis of Enterobacteria (e.g., E. coli) | Via host bacteria |
| Enterobacteria phage f2 | Leviviridae | No | Lysis of E. coli (males with F pilus) | Via host bacteria (specifically those with F pilus) |
| Enterobacteria phage FI | Unclassified phage | No | Lysis of Enterobacteria | Via host bacteria |
| Enterobacteria phage G4 | Microviridae | No | Lysis of E. coli | Via host bacteria |
| Enterobacteria phage H-19B | Siphoviridae | No | Lysis of E. coli; carries Shiga toxin genes | Via host bacteria |
| Enterobacteria phage lambda | Siphoviridae | No | Lysis or lysogeny of E. coli | Via host bacteria |
| Enterobacteria phage M13 | Inoviridae | No | Persistent infection of E. coli (males with F pilus); no lysis | Via host bacteria (specifically those with F pilus) |
| Enterobacteria phage Mu | Myoviridae | No | Lysis of E. coli; acts as a transposon | Via host bacteria |
| Enterobacteria phage N4 | Podoviridae | No | Lysis of E. coli | Via host bacteria |
| Enterobacteria phage P1 | Myoviridae | No | Lysis or lysogeny of E. coli; maintains as plasmid | Via host bacteria |
| Enterobacteria phage P2 | Myoviridae | No | Lysis or lysogeny of E. coli | Via host bacteria |
| Enterobacteria phage P22 | Podoviridae | No | Lysis or lysogeny of Salmonella | Via host bacteria (Salmonella) |
| Enterobacteria phage phiX174 | Microviridae | No | Lysis of E. coli | Via host bacteria |
| Enterobacteria phage PRD1 | Tectiviridae | No | Lysis of various Gram-negative bacteria | Via host bacteria |
| Enterobacteria phage Qbeta | Leviviridae | No | Lysis of E. coli (males with F pilus) | Via host bacteria (specifically those with F pilus) |
| Enterobacteria phage R17 | Leviviridae | No | Lysis of E. coli (males with F pilus) | Via host bacteria (specifically those with F pilus) |
| Enterobacteria phage T1 | Siphoviridae | No | Lysis of E. coli | Via host bacteria |
| Enterobacteria phage T2 | Myoviridae | No | Lysis of E. coli | Via host bacteria |
| Enterobacteria phage T3 | Podoviridae | No | Lysis of E. coli | Via host bacteria |
| Enterobacteria phage T4 | Myoviridae | No | Lysis of E. coli | Via host bacteria |
| Enterobacteria phage T5 | Siphoviridae | No | Lysis of E. coli | Via host bacteria |
| Enterobacteria phage T7 | Podoviridae | No | Lysis of E. coli | Via host bacteria |
| Enterococcus phage EFC-1 | Siphoviridae | No | Lysis of Enterococcus faecalis | Via host Enterococcus bacteria |
| Enterococcus phage phiEF24C | Myoviridae | No | Lysis of Enterococcus faecalis | Via host Enterococcus bacteria |
| Enterovirus A | Picornaviridae | Yes | Hand-foot-and-mouth disease, herpangina, acute flaccid paralysis | Fecal-oral route, respiratory droplets |
| Enterovirus B | Picornaviridae | Yes | Aseptic meningitis, myocarditis, respiratory infections, rash | Fecal-oral route, respiratory droplets |
| Enterovirus C | Picornaviridae | Yes | Poliomyelitis (rare), acute flaccid paralysis, respiratory infections | Fecal-oral route, respiratory droplets |
| Enterovirus D | Picornaviridae | Yes | Severe respiratory illness, acute flaccid paralysis | Fecal-oral route, respiratory droplets |
| Enterovirus E | Picornaviridae | No (primarily swine) | Typically asymptomatic in pigs; not known to infect humans | Fecal-oral route (in pigs) |
| Enterovirus F | Picornaviridae | No (primarily bovine) | Typically asymptomatic in cattle; not known to infect humans | Fecal-oral route (in cattle) |
| Enterovirus G | Picornaviridae | No (primarily porcine) | Typically asymptomatic in pigs; not known to infect humans | Fecal-oral route (in pigs) |
| Enterovirus H | Picornaviridae | No (primarily simian) | Typically asymptomatic in monkeys; not known to infect humans | Fecal-oral route (in monkeys) |
| Enterovirus J | Picornaviridae | No (primarily simian) | Typically asymptomatic in monkeys; not known to infect humans | Fecal-oral route (in monkeys) |
| Enterovirus L | Picornaviridae | No (primarily simian) | Typically asymptomatic in monkeys; not known to infect humans | Fecal-oral route (in monkeys) |
| Ephemerovirus | Rhabdoviridae | No (primarily livestock) | Fever, lameness, respiratory distress in cattle (Bovine Ephemeral Fever) | Insect bites (midges, mosquitoes) |
| Epiphyas postvittana nucleopolyhedrovirus | Baculoviridae | No | Lysis of Epiphyas postvittana larvae | Oral ingestion by larvae |
| Epirus cherry virus | Unassigned | No | Chlorotic spots, mottling, distortion on cherry leaves | Unknown, likely insect vector |
| Epstein-Barr virus | Herpesviridae | Yes | Mononucleosis (glandular fever), fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes | Saliva (kissing disease) |
| Equid herpesvirus 1 | Herpesviridae | No | Respiratory disease, abortion, neurological disease (in horses) | Nasal secretions, contact with aborted fetuses |
| Equid herpesvirus 2 | Herpesviridae | No | Mild respiratory signs, poor performance (in horses); often subclinical | Nasal secretions, direct contact |
| Equid herpesvirus 3 | Herpesviridae | No | Coital exanthema (genital lesions in horses) | Direct venereal contact during breeding |
| Equid herpesvirus 4 | Herpesviridae | No | Respiratory disease (rhinopneumonitis) in horses | Nasal secretions, direct contact |
| Equid herpesvirus 5 | Herpesviridae | No | Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (in horses) | Nasal secretions, direct contact |
| Equid herpesvirus 7 | Herpesviridae | No | Unknown, possibly asymptomatic in horses | Unknown, likely direct contact |
| Equid herpesvirus 8 | Herpesviridae | No | Unknown, possibly asymptomatic in horses | Unknown, likely direct contact |
| Equid herpesvirus 9 | Herpesviridae | No (zoonotic potential for other mammals) | Neurological disease (in horses, zebras, rhinoceros) | Nasal secretions, contact |
| Equine arteritis virus | Arteriviridae | No | Respiratory disease, abortion, arterial inflammation (in horses) | Respiratory, venereal (semen), urine, milk |
| Equine encephalosis virus | Reoviridae | No | Fever, neurological signs, lameness (in horses) | Culicoides (midges) bites |
| Equine infectious anemia virus | Retroviridae | No | Fever, anemia, weight loss, swelling (in horses); chronic/fatal | Biting flies (horse flies, deer flies), contaminated needles |
| Equine parainfluenza virus 3 | Paramyxoviridae | No | Respiratory illness (cough, nasal discharge) in horses | Respiratory droplets |
| Equine rhinitis A virus | Picornaviridae | No | Acute respiratory disease (fever, nasal discharge, cough) in horses | Respiratory droplets |
| Equine rhinitis B virus | Picornaviridae | No | Acute respiratory disease (fever, nasal discharge, cough) in horses | Respiratory droplets |
| Erysimum latent virus | Tymoviridae | No | Latent or mild mosaic on Erysimum; possibly other Brassicas | Mechanical, possibly insect vectors |
| Erythrina-associated potyvirus | Potyviridae | No | Mosaic, mottling, distortion on Erythrina leaves | Aphid transmission |
| Erythrina mild mottle virus | Potyviridae | No | Mild mottling, mosaic on Erythrina leaves | Aphid transmission |
| Erythrina re-yellowing virus | Potyviridae | No | Leaf yellowing, mosaic, distortion on Erythrina leaves | Aphid transmission |
| Erythrina vein-clearing virus | Potyviridae | No | Vein clearing, mosaic, distortion on Erythrina leaves | Aphid transmission |
| Erythrina witches’ broom-associated virus | Unassigned | No | Witches’ broom (abnormal shoot growth) on Erythrina | Unknown, possibly insect vector |
| Escherichia virus C-1 | Podoviridae | No | Lysis of E. coli | Via host bacteria |
| Escherichia virus D108 | Myoviridae | No | Lysis or lysogeny of E. coli; temperate phage | Via host bacteria |
| Escherichia virus f1 | Inoviridae | No | Persistent infection of E. coli (males with F pilus); no lysis | Via host bacteria (specifically those with F pilus) |
| Escherichia virus fd | Inoviridae | No | Persistent infection of E. coli (males with F pilus); no lysis | Via host bacteria (specifically those with F pilus) |
| Escherichia virus HK022 | Siphoviridae | No | Lysis or lysogeny of E. coli; temperate phage | Via host bacteria |
| Escherichia virus HK97 | Siphoviridae | No | Lysis or lysogeny of E. coli; temperate phage | Via host bacteria |
| Escherichia virus I2-2 | Unclassified phage | No | Lysis of E. coli | Via host bacteria |
| Escherichia virus Ike | Inoviridae | No | Persistent infection of E. coli (males with N pilus); no lysis | Via host bacteria (specifically those with N pilus) |
| Escherichia virus M13 | Inoviridae | No | Persistent infection of E. coli (males with F pilus); no lysis | Via host bacteria (specifically those with F pilus) |
| Escherichia virus Mu | Myoviridae | No | Lysis of E. coli; acts as a transposon | Via host bacteria |
| Escherichia virus N4 | Podoviridae | No | Lysis of E. coli | Via host bacteria |
| Escherichia virus P1 | Myoviridae | No | Lysis or lysogeny of E. coli; maintains as plasmid | Via host bacteria |
| Escherichia virus P2 | Myoviridae | No | Lysis or lysogeny of E. coli | Via host bacteria |
| Escherichia virus P4 | Podoviridae | No | Lysis of E. coli (requires helper phage P2) | Via host bacteria |
| Escherichia virus phiX174 | Microviridae | No | Lysis of E. coli | Via host bacteria |
| Escherichia virus PRD1 | Tectiviridae | No | Lysis of various Gram-negative bacteria | Via host bacteria |
| Escherichia virus R17 | Leviviridae | No | Lysis of E. coli (males with F pilus) | Via host bacteria (specifically those with F pilus) |
| Escherichia virus T1 | Siphoviridae | No | Lysis of E. coli | Via host bacteria |
| Escherichia virus T3 | Podoviridae | No | Lysis of E. coli | Via host bacteria |
| Escherichia virus T4 | Myoviridae | No | Lysis of E. coli | Via host bacteria |
| Escherichia virus T5 | Siphoviridae | No | Lysis of E. coli | Via host bacteria |
| Escherichia virus T7 | Podoviridae | No | Lysis of E. coli | Via host bacteria |
| Essex virus | Flaviviridae | No | No known human disease; isolated from mosquitoes and birds | Mosquito bites |
| Eubenangee virus | Reoviridae | No | Fever, malaise in cattle; limited human data | Culicoides (midges) bites |
| Euonymus fasciation-associated virus | Unclassified | No | Fasciation (abnormal flattening/widening of stems) on Euonymus | Unknown, likely mechanical or insect |
| Euonymus mosaic-associated virus | Potyviridae | No | Mosaic patterns, mottling, distortion on Euonymus leaves | Aphid transmission |
| Euphorbia caput-medusae latent virus | Tymoviridae | No | Latent or mild mosaic on Euphorbia | Mechanical, possibly insect |
| Euphorbia leaf curl virus | Geminiviridae | No | Severe leaf curling, distortion, stunting on Euphorbia | Whitefly transmission |
| Euphorbia mosaic virus | Geminiviridae | No | Mosaic patterns, yellowing, distortion on Euphorbia leaves | Whitefly transmission |
| Euphorbia ringspot virus | Potyviridae | No | Ringspots, mosaic, distortion on Euphorbia leaves | Aphid transmission |
| European bat lyssavirus 1 | Rhabdoviridae | Yes (zoonotic) | Rabies-like symptoms: neurological, behavioral changes, paralysis, death | Bite from infected bat |
| European bat lyssavirus 2 | Rhabdoviridae | Yes (zoonotic) | Rabies-like symptoms: neurological, behavioral changes, paralysis, death | Bite from infected bat |
| European brown hare syndrome virus | Caliciviridae | No | Sudden death, liver necrosis, hemorrhages in hares | Direct contact, contaminated food/water/fomites |
| European chub reovirus | Reoviridae | No | Gastrointestinal and systemic signs, mortality in European chub fish | Waterborne, fecal-oral (fish-to-fish) |
| European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus | Unclassified | No | Ringspots, line patterns on mountain ash leaves | Unknown, likely mechanical or insect |
| European salmonid alphavirus | Togaviridae | No | Pancreas disease (PD), sleeping disease (SD) in farmed salmonids | Waterborne, fish-to-fish contact |
| European turkey coronavirus | Coronaviridae | No | Enteritis, diarrhea, dehydration, stunted growth in turkeys | Fecal-oral route |
| Eurythenes gryllus virus | Unclassified | No | Infection in deep-sea amphipod Eurythenes gryllus; unknown impact | Unknown, likely waterborne or host-to-host |
| Everglades virus | Togaviridae | Yes (zoonotic) | Fever, headache, myalgia, rash; rarely encephalitis | Mosquito bites (Culiseta melanura, Coquillettidia perturbans) |
| Eyach virus | Reoviridae | Yes (zoonotic) | Fever, headache, rash, muscle pain (in humans); neurological in ticks | Tick bites |
Descriptions
Ebola virus
A highly lethal virus causing Ebola virus disease in humans and primates. It leads to severe hemorrhagic fever with high fatality rates. Transmission occurs through direct contact with blood, secretions, organs, or other bodily fluids of infected individuals or animals.
Eastern equine encephalitis virus
A rare but serious mosquito-borne virus causing Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE). It can cause severe brain inflammation in humans and horses, with a high mortality rate for those who develop the neurological disease, often leaving survivors with permanent damage.
Ectromelia virus
Also known as mousepox virus, it causes a severe, highly contagious disease in mice. Symptoms include distinctive skin lesions, swelling of extremities, and can be lethal. It’s a significant pathogen in laboratory mouse colonies.
Egg drop syndrome virus
A virus affecting laying hens, causing Egg Drop Syndrome. Infected chickens appear healthy but produce abnormal eggs, leading to substantial economic losses in the poultry industry due to reduced egg production and quality.
Eggplant chlorotic dwarf virus
A plant virus that infects eggplants, leading to symptoms such as yellowing, stunted growth, and distinctive mosaic patterns on the leaves. It can significantly impact the health and yield of eggplant crops in affected agricultural areas.
Eggplant Colombian datura virus
A plant virus primarily affecting eggplants and other Solanaceae plants. It causes symptoms like leaf mosaic, mottling, distortion, and stunting, which can reduce crop yield. Aphids serve as a common vector for its spread between plants.
Eggplant golden mosaic virus
A plant virus that causes striking golden mosaic patterns on the leaves of eggplant and related plants, often accompanied by leaf distortion. Whiteflies are the primary vectors for this virus, which can severely impact crop appearance and yield.
Eggplant green mosaic virus
A plant virus infecting eggplant, causing characteristic green mosaic patterns, mottling, and vein clearing on the leaves. Like many other plant viruses, it is commonly transmitted by aphids, posing a threat to eggplant cultivation.
Eggplant mild leaf-curl virus
A plant virus affecting eggplants, leading to symptoms such as mild curling and distortion of leaves, often with some slight yellowing. It is transmitted by whiteflies and can contribute to overall plant stress and reduced yield in susceptible crops.
Eggplant mosaic virus
A common plant virus impacting eggplants, causing distinctive mosaic patterns, mottling, leaf distortion, and sometimes blistering. It is readily spread mechanically and possibly by certain beetle vectors, affecting eggplant crop health and productivity.
Eggplant mottled crinkle virus
A plant virus affecting eggplants, characterized by symptoms of mottled crinkling, leaf distortion, and sometimes necrosis. It is known to be soil-borne and can also spread mechanically, impacting the quality and yield of eggplant crops.
Eggplant mottled dwarf virus
A plant virus that infects eggplants, causing a range of symptoms including mottling, stunted growth (dwarfing), malformed leaves, and vein clearing. It is transmitted by aphids, posing a threat to eggplant cultivation.
Eggplant severe mottle virus
A plant virus causing severe disease in eggplants, characterized by pronounced mottling, leaf distortion, severe stunting, and sometimes necrosis. It is soil-borne and can also be spread mechanically, posing a significant threat to eggplant yields.
Eggplant vein-yellowing virus
A plant virus affecting eggplants, causing characteristic yellowing of leaf veins and interveinal chlorosis, often accompanied by stunted growth. It is transmitted by aphids, making it a concern for eggplant growers.
Ehrlichia phage PE-1
A bacteriophage that infects and lyses Ehrlichia bacteria, which are obligate intracellular parasites. This phage is of interest for its role in the ecology of bacterial populations and potential for bacterial control.
Eilat virus
An insect-specific flavivirus, meaning it infects mosquitoes but does not replicate in vertebrate hosts. It is not known to cause disease in humans or other vertebrates, distinguishing it from many other medically significant flaviviruses.
Elderberry carlavirus
A plant virus that infects elderberry plants, typically causing mild symptoms such as mosaic patterns and mottling on the leaves. It is transmitted by aphids, and while usually not severe, it can affect plant vigor.
Elderberry latent virus
A plant virus that often remains asymptomatic or “latent” in elderberry plants, though some strains may cause mild mosaic symptoms. It can be transmitted mechanically, through seeds, and even pollen, contributing to its spread.
Elderberry-associated virus
An unclassified virus found in elderberry plants. Its specific symptoms can vary, potentially including mosaic patterns or leaf distortion, and its transmission method is not yet fully characterized but likely involves an insect vector.
Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1
A highly lethal virus causing a devastating hemorrhagic disease in young elephants, particularly Asian elephants. It attacks endothelial cells, leading to rapid multi-organ failure and often sudden death, posing a major threat to elephant conservation.
Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 2
Similar to EEHV1, this virus also causes a fatal hemorrhagic disease in young elephants, especially in Asian elephants. It targets endothelial cells, leading to rapid internal bleeding and multi-organ failure, a critical concern for elephant health.
Elizabethkingia virus E1
A bacteriophage that infects and lyses Elizabethkingia bacteria. These bacteria can be opportunistic human pathogens, making this phage of interest for potential use in phage therapy against Elizabethkingia infections.
Elm mottle virus
A plant virus affecting elm trees, causing symptoms such as leaf mottling, distortion, and sometimes necrosis. It can be spread mechanically, and possibly through nematodes or pollen, contributing to the decline of elm health.
Embu virus
A nairovirus identified in ticks, primarily affecting domestic animals like sheep and goats, causing non-specific febrile illness and malaise. While isolated from humans, its clinical significance in human disease is not well-established.
Emericella-infecting polymycovirus 1
A polymycovirus that infects fungi of the genus Emericella. Mycoviruses typically cause persistent infections that can be asymptomatic or subtly affect the growth, morphology, or pathogenicity of their fungal hosts.
Encephalomyocarditis virus
A widespread virus primarily infecting rodents, often causing myocarditis and neurological disease in swine and other animals. Rarely, it can infect humans, typically causing a mild, flu-like illness, though severe cases like myocarditis are possible.
Endive necrotic mosaic virus
A plant virus affecting endive and chicory plants, causing symptoms such as necrotic mosaic patterns, mottling, and stunted growth. It is transmitted by aphids, posing a threat to endive cultivation and yield.
Endive yellow vein virus
A plant virus that infects endive plants, leading to characteristic yellowing of leaf veins, general chlorosis, and stunted growth. Like many other plant viruses, it is primarily transmitted by aphids, impacting crop health.
Enseada virus
A virus discovered in mosquitoes in Brazil. There is currently no known association with disease in humans or animals, suggesting it may be an insect-specific virus or its pathogenic potential is yet to be determined.
Entamoeba virus L1
A virus that infects Entamoeba histolytica, a parasitic amoeba that causes amoebiasis in humans. This virus, a totivirus, can influence the virulence and biology of its amoebic host, potentially impacting the parasite’s disease-causing ability.
Enteric virus
A general term for viruses that cause gastrointestinal illness in humans, leading to symptoms like diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps. They are highly contagious and primarily spread through the fecal-oral route, causing widespread outbreaks.
Enterobacteria phage C1
A bacteriophage that specifically infects and lyses various strains of Enterobacteria, such as Escherichia coli. Phages like C1 are important tools in molecular biology and are explored for their potential in combating bacterial infections.
Enterobacteria phage f2
A small RNA bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli cells possessing the F pilus. It has been historically significant in molecular biology research, particularly for understanding viral replication and gene expression.
Enterobacteria phage FI
An unclassified bacteriophage that targets and lyses bacteria within the Enterobacteria family. Its specific characteristics are less well-defined compared to highly studied phages, but it contributes to the diversity of bacterial viruses.
Enterobacteria phage G4
A small bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli. It is a single-stranded DNA phage, extensively studied as a model system in molecular biology for DNA replication and genetic research.
Enterobacteria phage H-19B
A bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli and is notable for carrying genes encoding Shiga toxins. This phage contributes to the pathogenicity of certain E. coli strains, allowing them to cause severe diseases like hemorrhagic colitis in humans.
Enterobacteria phage lambda
A well-studied bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli. It is a classic model system in molecular biology for studying gene regulation, DNA replication, and the lysogenic life cycle, where it can integrate its genome into the host.
Enterobacteria phage M13
A filamentous bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli cells bearing the F pilus. Unlike lytic phages, M13 replicates without lysing its host, instead being continuously secreted. It’s widely used in genetic engineering and phage display.
Enterobacteria phage Mu
A bacteriophage infecting Escherichia coli, known for its ability to integrate into and transpose within the bacterial genome, acting as a “mutator” phage. It is a key tool in bacterial genetics for mutagenesis and gene mapping.
Enterobacteria phage N4
A bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli, distinguished by its unique virion-encapsidated RNA polymerase. It has been extensively studied for its novel transcription mechanisms and its role in bacterial cell lysis.
Enterobacteria phage P1
A bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli. It can undergo both lytic and lysogenic cycles; during lysogeny, its genome is maintained as a low-copy plasmid, making it a valuable tool for cloning large DNA fragments in bacterial genetics.
Enterobacteria phage P2
A bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli. It can establish both lytic and lysogenic cycles. P2 is a well-known temperate phage, used as a model for studying phage-host interactions and genetic regulation in bacteria.
Enterobacteria phage P22
A temperate bacteriophage that infects Salmonella enterica. It is a classic model system for studying phage assembly, DNA packaging, and the intricate regulatory mechanisms governing the lytic and lysogenic life cycles in bacteria.
Enterobacteria phage phiX174
The first DNA-based virus to have its entire genome sequenced. It’s a small, single-stranded DNA bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli, widely used as a model in molecular biology for studies of DNA replication, gene overlapping, and viral assembly.
Enterobacteria phage PRD1
A bacteriophage with a unique lipid membrane inside its capsid, infecting various Gram-negative bacteria. It is a model for studying membrane-containing viruses and DNA packaging mechanisms, providing insights into viral evolution.
Enterobacteria phage Qbeta
A small RNA bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli carrying the F pilus. It’s a well-studied model for RNA replication and gene expression, known for its replicase enzyme used in RNA amplification technologies.
Enterobacteria phage R17
A small RNA bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli cells with the F pilus. R17 is closely related to MS2 and f2, serving as a significant model system in early molecular biology for understanding RNA viruses and protein synthesis.
Enterobacteria phage T1
A bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli, known for its broad host range within the enterobacteria. It’s a lytic phage, meaning it replicates and then destroys its bacterial host cell, and is used in genetic studies.
Enterobacteria phage T2
A large, lytic bacteriophage infecting Escherichia coli, famous for its role in the Hershey-Chase experiment which confirmed DNA as the genetic material. It is a complex phage, rapidly lysing its bacterial host.
Enterobacteria phage T3
A lytic bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli. T3 is known for encoding its own RNA polymerase, distinguishing it from T7 and T2. It’s a common model in molecular biology for studying viral transcription and replication.
Enterobacteria phage T4
One of the most complex and well-studied bacteriophages, infecting Escherichia coli. It’s a large, lytic phage known for its intricate assembly, unique genetic features, and the high efficiency with which it destroys its bacterial host.
Enterobacteria phage T5
A large, lytic bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli. T5 is unique for its two-step DNA injection mechanism into the host cell and is used in molecular biology studies for understanding viral entry and replication strategies.
Enterobacteria phage T7
A lytic bacteriophage infecting Escherichia coli, widely used in molecular biology due to its simple, well-characterized genome and highly efficient, specific RNA polymerase. It allows for high-level expression of genes cloned under its promoter.
Enterococcus phage EFC-1
A bacteriophage that infects and lyses Enterococcus faecalis, a bacterium often associated with hospital-acquired infections and antibiotic resistance. This phage is being explored for its potential in phage therapy against these challenging bacterial pathogens.
Enterococcus phage phiEF24C
A bacteriophage belonging to the Myoviridae family that targets and lyses Enterococcus faecalis, a significant opportunistic human pathogen. This phage is of interest for its potential application in controlling antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus infections.
Enterovirus A
A species of enterovirus that includes common human pathogens causing hand-foot-and-mouth disease, herpangina, and in some cases, severe neurological conditions like acute flaccid paralysis. Transmission is primarily fecal-oral.
Enterovirus B
A species of enterovirus comprising various strains that cause a wide range of human illnesses, including aseptic meningitis, myocarditis, respiratory infections, and rash. It spreads through fecal-oral contact and respiratory droplets.
Enterovirus C
A species of enterovirus that historically includes polioviruses, capable of causing paralytic poliomyelitis. Other strains within Enterovirus C can cause acute flaccid paralysis and various respiratory infections in humans, spreading via fecal-oral and respiratory routes.
Enterovirus D
A species of enterovirus associated with severe respiratory illness and, notably, acute flaccid paralysis, particularly Enterovirus D68. It can cause outbreaks of respiratory disease and serious neurological complications in humans.
Enterovirus E
Predominantly found in swine populations, Enterovirus E is generally asymptomatic in its pig hosts. While it belongs to a genus of human pathogens, there is no current evidence that Enterovirus E causes disease in humans.
Enterovirus F
Primarily isolated from bovine species, Enterovirus F is generally considered an enteric virus of cattle, causing no known disease. There is no evidence suggesting that this specific enterovirus species infects or causes illness in humans.
Enterovirus G
A species of enterovirus commonly found in pigs, where it typically causes asymptomatic enteric infections. While pigs can host various viruses, Enterovirus G itself is not known to cause disease in humans.
Enterovirus H
An enterovirus species primarily isolated from non-human primates (monkeys), where it generally causes asymptomatic infections. There is no current evidence indicating that Enterovirus H causes disease in humans.
Enterovirus J
Similar to Enterovirus H, Enterovirus J is primarily found in non-human primate populations, where it usually results in asymptomatic enteric infections. It is not currently known to cause any illness in humans.
Enterovirus L
An enterovirus species predominantly identified in non-human primates, causing asymptomatic infections in its host. There is no established link or evidence suggesting that Enterovirus L causes disease in humans.
Ephemerovirus
A genus of rhabdoviruses causing ephemeral fevers, most notably Bovine Ephemeral Fever in cattle. Symptoms include sudden fever, lameness, and respiratory distress, leading to temporary production losses. It is transmitted by insect vectors like midges and mosquitoes.
Epiphyas postvittana nucleopolyhedrovirus
A baculovirus that specifically infects and causes a fatal disease in the larvae of Epiphyas postvittana, also known as the Light Brown Apple Moth. It is used as a biological control agent against this agricultural pest.
Epirus cherry virus
A virus identified in cherry trees in the Epirus region, causing symptoms like chlorotic spots, mottling, and leaf distortion. Its classification is unassigned, and its precise mode of transmission is yet to be fully determined, but likely involves an insect vector.
Epstein-Barr virus
A common human herpesvirus causing infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever), characterized by fatigue, fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes. It is also linked to certain cancers and autoimmune diseases, primarily transmitted through saliva.
Equid herpesvirus 1
A significant equine pathogen causing respiratory disease, abortions in mares, and neurological disease (equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy) in horses. It spreads through nasal secretions and contact with infected or aborted tissues, posing a major threat to equine health.
Equid herpesvirus 2
Commonly found in horses, often causing subclinical infection or mild respiratory signs and poor performance, particularly in foals. While widespread, it is generally considered less pathogenic than EHV-1 or EHV-4, spreading through nasal secretions.
Equid herpesvirus 3
Causes equine coital exanthema, a venereal disease in horses characterized by painful pustules and ulcers on the genital mucosa of both mares and stallions. It is transmitted primarily through direct sexual contact during breeding.
Equid herpesvirus 4
A common cause of respiratory disease (rhinopneumonitis) in young horses, characterized by fever, cough, and nasal discharge. While it can cause abortions, it’s less frequent than EHV-1. It spreads via nasal secretions.
Equid herpesvirus 5
Associated with equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF), a chronic and often progressive respiratory disease in horses. While common in equine populations, its direct role in causing EMPF is still under investigation, spreading via nasal secretions.
Equid herpesvirus 7
A less characterized equid herpesvirus with an unclear pathogenic role; it is often found in healthy horses and may be asymptomatic. Its specific transmission methods are not fully defined but likely involve direct contact.
Equid herpesvirus 8
Similar to EHV-7, Equid herpesvirus 8 is a relatively recently identified equid herpesvirus, and its clinical significance and pathogenic potential in horses are currently not well understood. It is often found in healthy animals.
Equid herpesvirus 9
Primarily found in zebras, but can cause severe neurological disease in other equids (horses) and non-equid species like rhinoceros, sometimes with fatal outcomes. It has zoonotic potential for other mammals.
Equine arteritis virus
Causes equine viral arteritis (EVA), a contagious disease in horses characterized by fever, respiratory signs, limb swelling, and abortion in pregnant mares. It can be transmitted via respiratory secretions, semen, urine, or milk, impacting breeding and racing industries.
Equine encephalosis virus
An arbovirus transmitted by Culicoides biting midges, causing Equine Encephalosis, primarily in horses in Africa. Symptoms include fever, neurological signs, and lameness, but the disease is often mild or subclinical.
Equine infectious anemia virus
A persistent retrovirus causing Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA), a chronic and often fatal disease in horses. Symptoms include recurrent fever, anemia, weight loss, and swelling. It is transmitted by biting flies and contaminated instruments.
Equine parainfluenza virus 3
A virus causing mild to moderate respiratory illness in horses, characterized by coughing and nasal discharge. It is one of several respiratory viruses affecting equids and spreads through respiratory droplets from infected animals.
Equine rhinitis A virus
A picornavirus causing acute respiratory disease in horses, characterized by fever, nasal discharge, and coughing. It contributes to the complex of equine respiratory pathogens and spreads readily through respiratory droplets.
Equine rhinitis B virus
Another picornavirus affecting horses, causing acute respiratory disease similar to Equine Rhinitis A virus. Symptoms include fever, nasal discharge, and coughing, and it contributes to the range of respiratory infections in equine populations, spreading via respiratory droplets.
Erysimum latent virus
A plant virus typically found in Erysimum (wallflower) plants, often causing latent or very mild mosaic symptoms. It can be spread mechanically and may have other unknown vectors, potentially affecting related Brassica crops.
Erythrina-associated potyvirus
A potyvirus found in Erythrina (coral tree) species, causing characteristic symptoms such as mosaic patterns, mottling, and distortion on the leaves. It is transmitted by aphids, impacting the ornamental and ecological value of infected trees.
Erythrina mild mottle virus
A potyvirus that infects Erythrina (coral tree) plants, causing mild mottling and mosaic patterns on the leaves. While generally less severe than some other plant viruses, it is transmitted by aphids and can affect plant appearance.
Erythrina re-yellowing virus
A potyvirus specifically affecting Erythrina (coral tree) plants, causing pronounced re-yellowing of leaves, mosaic patterns, and distortion. It is transmitted by aphids and can significantly impact the health and aesthetic of infected trees.
Erythrina vein-clearing virus
A potyvirus that infects Erythrina (coral tree) species, leading to characteristic vein clearing, mosaic patterns, and leaf distortion. As with many potyviruses, it is transmitted by aphids, posing a threat to Erythrina plant health.
Erythrina witches’ broom-associated virus
A virus associated with the “witches’ broom” disease in Erythrina (coral tree) plants, characterized by an abnormal, dense proliferation of shoots. Its classification and exact mode of transmission are not fully established, but it drastically alters plant growth.
Escherichia virus C-1
A bacteriophage belonging to the Podoviridae family, which infects and causes the lysis of Escherichia coli bacteria. Phages like C-1 are utilized in various molecular biology applications and studied for their lytic capabilities.
Escherichia virus D108
A temperate bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli. D108 can undergo both lytic and lysogenic cycles, integrating its genome into the bacterial host. It is used in genetic studies and is similar to other well-characterized temperate phages.
Escherichia virus f1
A filamentous bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli cells possessing the F pilus. Similar to M13, f1 causes a persistent infection without lysing the host, and is a useful tool in molecular cloning and phage display.
Escherichia virus fd
Another filamentous bacteriophage infecting Escherichia coli with the F pilus. Like M13 and f1, fd causes a persistent, non-lytic infection, and is extensively used in genetic engineering, especially for phage display technology due to its simple structure.
Escherichia virus HK022
A temperate bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli. HK022 can engage in both lytic and lysogenic life cycles and is a valuable model for studying lysogeny, gene regulation, and the complex interactions between phages and their bacterial hosts.
Escherichia virus HK97
A temperate bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli, known for its well-characterized capsid structure. It serves as a significant model system in structural biology for understanding viral capsid assembly and the mechanisms of phage infection.
Escherichia virus I2-2
An unclassified bacteriophage that infects and lyses Escherichia coli. Details about its specific characteristics and mechanisms might be less established than for more commonly studied phages, but it still represents part of the diverse phage population.
Escherichia virus Ike
A filamentous bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli, specifically those carrying the N pilus. It establishes a persistent infection without killing the host cell, and is a model for studying pilus-mediated phage entry.
Escherichia virus M13
A widely used filamentous bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli possessing the F pilus. It establishes a persistent infection without lysing the host, and is a foundational tool in genetic engineering, especially for phage display and site-directed mutagenesis.
Escherichia virus Mu
A bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli, notable for its ability to integrate into and transpose its genome randomly within the bacterial chromosome. This “mutator” property makes it invaluable for genetic studies and gene manipulation in bacteria.
Escherichia virus N4
A lytic bacteriophage infecting Escherichia coli, characterized by carrying its own large virion-encapsulated RNA polymerase. This enzyme initiates transcription immediately upon infection, making N4 a unique model for studying viral gene expression.
Escherichia virus P1
A temperate bacteriophage of Escherichia coli that can exist as a stable low-copy plasmid during lysogeny. It’s an important cloning vector for large DNA fragments in bacterial genetics, facilitating gene transfer and manipulation.
Escherichia virus P2
A temperate bacteriophage infecting Escherichia coli, capable of both lytic replication and lysogenic integration into the host chromosome. It’s a classic model for studying temperate phage biology and genetic regulation.
Escherichia virus P4
A unique satellite bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli but requires a helper phage (like P2) to provide structural proteins for its replication and assembly. P4 is studied for its genome packaging and viral-viral interactions.
Escherichia virus phiX174
The first DNA virus to be completely sequenced, this small bacteriophage infects Escherichia coli. It has been foundational in molecular biology for understanding DNA replication, overlapping genes, and viral particle assembly.
Escherichia virus PRD1
A bacteriophage with a unique internal lipid membrane, infecting various Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli. It’s a model system for studying membrane-containing viruses and DNA packaging, offering insights into viral evolution.
Escherichia virus R17
A small RNA bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli cells with the F pilus. It’s closely related to MS2 and f2, and was a crucial early model for understanding RNA virus replication and protein synthesis mechanisms.
Escherichia virus T1
A lytic bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli, known for its stability and broad host range among enterobacteria. It rapidly lyses its bacterial host and has been used in various genetic studies.
Escherichia virus T3
A lytic bacteriophage infecting Escherichia coli, characterized by its own RNA polymerase. T3 is a widely used model in molecular biology for studying viral transcription and the control of gene expression.
Escherichia virus T4
One of the most extensively studied and complex bacteriophages, infecting Escherichia coli. T4 is a large, lytic phage renowned for its intricate assembly, unique genetic features, and its efficiency in destroying bacterial hosts, making it a cornerstone of molecular biology.
Escherichia virus T5
A lytic bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli, recognized for its distinctive two-step DNA injection process into the host cell. It provides valuable insights into viral entry mechanisms and gene transfer.
Escherichia virus T7
A lytic bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli, famous for its simple genome and its highly efficient, specific RNA polymerase. It is widely used in molecular biology for high-level protein expression and gene cloning applications.
Essex virus
A flavivirus identified in mosquitoes and birds in Australia. While it belongs to a family that includes human pathogens, Essex virus itself is not known to cause disease in humans or other mammals.
Eubenangee virus
An orbivirus found in Australia, primarily infecting cattle and causing a mild febrile illness with general malaise. While antibodies have been detected in humans, direct human disease is rare or subclinical. It is transmitted by biting midges.
Euonymus fasciation-associated virus
A virus associated with fasciation, an abnormal flattening and widening of stems, in Euonymus plants. Its exact classification is unassigned, and its transmission method is not fully understood but likely involves mechanical spread or insect vectors.
Euonymus mosaic-associated virus
A potyvirus associated with mosaic disease in Euonymus plants, causing characteristic mosaic patterns, mottling, and leaf distortion. It is transmitted by aphids, impacting the ornamental value and health of infected shrubs.
Euphorbia caput-medusae latent virus
A plant virus often found latently (without obvious symptoms) in Euphorbia caput-medusae. If symptomatic, it might cause mild mosaic patterns. It is mechanically transmissible and potentially by insect vectors.
Euphorbia leaf curl virus
A plant virus affecting Euphorbia species, causing severe curling, distortion, and stunting of leaves. It is transmitted by whiteflies and can significantly impact the growth and appearance of infected Euphorbia plants.
Euphorbia mosaic virus
A plant virus causing distinct mosaic patterns, yellowing, and distortion on the leaves of Euphorbia plants. It is transmitted by whiteflies, which are common vectors for geminiviruses, affecting the ornamental value of infected plants.
Euphorbia ringspot virus
A plant virus that infects Euphorbia species, leading to symptoms such as characteristic ringspot patterns, mosaic, and leaf distortion. As a potyvirus, it is transmitted by aphids, impacting the health and aesthetics of infected plants.
European bat lyssavirus 1
A lyssavirus found in European bats, closely related to rabies virus. It can cause a fatal rabies-like disease in humans and other mammals following a bite from an infected bat, posing a public health risk.
European bat lyssavirus 2
Another lyssavirus found in European bats, also capable of causing rabies-like disease in humans and other mammals. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected bat, highlighting the importance of bat bite awareness.
European brown hare syndrome virus
A highly contagious and often fatal virus affecting European brown hares and wild rabbits. It causes acute hemorrhagic disease with liver necrosis and internal bleeding, leading to sudden death, significantly impacting wild hare populations.
European chub reovirus
A reovirus that infects European chub fish, causing gastrointestinal and systemic disease, potentially leading to mortality in affected fish populations. It is transmitted via water and likely through fecal-oral routes between fish.
European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus
A virus associated with ringspot and line patterns on the leaves of European mountain ash trees. Its classification is currently unassigned, and the precise mode of transmission is not fully known but likely involves mechanical transfer or insect vectors.
European salmonid alphavirus
An alphavirus causing economically significant diseases like Pancreas Disease (PD) in Atlantic salmon and Sleeping Disease (SD) in rainbow trout in European aquaculture. It leads to pancreatic necrosis, heart inflammation, and high mortality, spreading via water.
European turkey coronavirus
A coronavirus causing avian infectious enteritis in young turkeys, leading to severe diarrhea, dehydration, and stunted growth. It significantly impacts turkey farming by causing morbidity and mortality, primarily spreading through the fecal-oral route.
Eurythenes gryllus virus
A virus identified in the deep-sea amphipod Eurythenes gryllus. Its specific impact on its host is largely unknown, but it represents the diversity of viruses in extreme environments. Its transmission likely occurs within the deep-sea environment.
Everglades virus
A mosquito-borne alphavirus causing Everglades virus fever in humans, primarily in Florida. Symptoms include fever, headache, and myalgia, rarely progressing to encephalitis. It is transmitted by mosquitoes in wetland environments.
Eyach virus
An orbivirus identified in ticks and associated with human febrile illness, characterized by fever, headache, rash, and muscle pain. It is transmitted by tick bites, notably Ixodes ricinus, and is found in parts of Europe.