Seventy-two viruses that start with the letter T are scientifically recognized around the world. These viruses come from many different families and affect a wide range of hosts, including humans, animals, plants, and insects. Some cause serious diseases in humans, like the Human T-lymphotropic viruses, while others impact crops or wildlife. Many are spread by mosquitoes, ticks, or direct contact, highlighting the varied ways viruses transmit in nature.
Explore the complete list below to learn more about each virus.
Virus Name This column lists the official name of each virus as recognized by scientific sources.
Family Shows the virus’s classification family, helping to group viruses by their genetic and structural traits.
Primary Hosts Indicates which species the virus mainly infects, such as humans, plants, insects, or animals.
Associated Illness/Symptoms Describes the typical symptoms or diseases caused by the virus in its primary host.
Transmission Method Explains how the virus spreads from one host to another, such as through insect bites, direct contact, or environmental exposure.
Use this organized information to understand and identify viruses starting with T in a clear and practical way.
Viruses that start with T
| Viruses | classification | affects humans? | symptoms | transmission method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tabanus abdominalis virus | Dicistroviridae, Iflavirus | No | Affects Tabanus abdominalis flies | Horizontal transmission among flies |
| Tabatí virus | Rhabdoviridae, Vesiculovirus | No known human infection | Isolated from mosquitoes and sloths; pathogenicity not well-characterized | Arthropod-borne (mosquitoes) |
| Tacaribe virus | Arenaviridae, Mammarenavirus | Yes | Hemorrhagic fever in experimental animals; human role unclear but related viruses cause severe disease | Rodent-borne, through aerosols from infected rodent excretions |
| Tahyna virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | Yes | Febrile illness, flu-like symptoms, sometimes mild encephalitis | Mosquito-borne (Culicinae species) |
| Tai Forest virus | Filoviridae, Marburgvirus | Yes | Hemorrhagic fever, similar to Ebola or Marburg virus disease | Direct contact with infected animal bodily fluids; potentially through bushmeat |
| Takamatsu virus | Reoviridae, Cypovirus | No | Causes cytoplasmic polyhedrosis in silkworms (Bombyx mori) | Oral transmission among insect larvae |
| Tamana Bat virus | Reoviridae, Orbivirus | No known human disease | Isolated from bats; pathogenicity not well-described | Likely arthropod-borne or direct bat-to-bat |
| Tamarin Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus | Herpesviridae, Betaherpesvirinae | No | Severe, often fatal, hemorrhagic disease in New World monkeys | Direct contact among susceptible primates, aerosolized secretions |
| Tamiami virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | Yes | Febrile illness, flu-like symptoms, potentially meningoencephalitis | Mosquito-borne |
| Tambor virus | Flaviviridae, Flavivirus | No known human infection | Isolated from mosquitoes and rodents in Brazil; pathogenicity not well-characterized | Arthropod-borne (mosquitoes) |
| Tegetthoff virus | Rhabdoviridae, Lyssavirus | Potentially | Isolated from bats; Lyssaviruses cause rabies-like neurological disease | Bat bite |
| Teheran virus | Rhabdoviridae, Vesiculovirus | No known human infection | Isolated from camels; pathogenicity unclear | Unknown, possibly arthropod-borne or direct contact |
| Telfairia mosaic virus | Potyviridae, Potyvirus | No | Causes mosaic and mottling symptoms on leaves of Telfairia occidentalis | Aphid-borne (non-persistent) |
| Tembe virus | Rhabdoviridae, Ephemerovirus | No known human infection | Isolated from mosquitos in Brazil; pathogenicity not well-described | Mosquito-borne |
| Tench iridovirus | Iridoviridae, Ranavirus | No | Causes systemic disease, often fatal, in tench (Tinca tinca) | Waterborne transmission, direct contact among fish |
| Tennessee virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | Yes | Febrile illness, flu-like symptoms, potentially meningoencephalitis | Mosquito-borne |
| Tensaw virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | Yes | Febrile illness, flu-like symptoms | Mosquito-borne |
| Tephrosia mosaic virus | Potyviridae, Potyvirus | No | Causes mosaic symptoms on Tephrosia species | Aphid-borne (non-persistent) |
| Teschen disease virus | Picornaviridae, Teschovirus | No | Causes Teschen disease in pigs, a highly fatal encephalomyelitis | Fecal-oral, direct contact among pigs |
| Tete virus | Reoviridae, Orbivirus | No known human infection | Isolated from mosquitoes and birds; pathogenicity not well-characterized | Arthropod-borne (mosquitoes) |
| Thai encephalitis virus | Flaviviridae, Flavivirus | Yes | Encephalitis, fever, headache | Mosquito-borne |
| Thamnomys virus | Arenaviridae, Mammarenavirus | Potentially | Isolated from rodents (Thamnomys); Arenaviruses can cause hemorrhagic fever | Rodent-borne, likely through aerosols from excretions |
| Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus | Picornaviridae, Cardiovirus | No | Causes demyelinating disease and encephalomyelitis in mice | Fecal-oral |
| Thiafora virus | Rhabdoviridae, Lyssavirus | Potentially | Isolated from bats; Lyssaviruses cause rabies-like neurological disease | Bat bite |
| Thimiri virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No known human infection | Isolated from mosquitoes and birds in India; pathogenicity not well-characterized | Mosquito-borne |
| Thogoto virus | Orthomyxoviridae, Thogotovirus | Yes | Febrile illness, flu-like symptoms, sometimes encephalitis | Tick-borne |
| Thottapalayam virus | Hantaviridae, Orthohantavirus | No known human disease | Unknown, not directly associated with human disease | Rodent-borne (shrews), likely through excretions |
| Tibrogargan virus | Reoviridae, Orbivirus | No known human infection | Isolated from biting midges (Culicoides); pathogenicity not well-characterized | Arthropod-borne (biting midges) |
| Tick-borne encephalitis virus | Flaviviridae, Flavivirus | Yes | Meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis; biphasic fever | Tick-borne (Ixodes ticks) |
| Tick-borne Powassan virus | Flaviviridae, Flavivirus | Yes | Encephalitis, meningitis, confusion, seizures, paralysis | Tick-borne (Ixodes ticks) |
| Tilapia lake virus | Orthomyxoviridae, Tilapinevirus | No | Causes high mortality in farmed tilapia, affecting brain, eye, and liver | Waterborne transmission, direct contact among fish |
| Thin-leafed clover mosaic virus | Potyviridae, Potyvirus | No | Causes mosaic and distortion in clover plants | Aphid-borne |
| Tlacotalpan virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No known human infection | Isolated from mosquitoes; pathogenicity not well-characterized | Mosquito-borne |
| Tlacuilole virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No known human infection | Isolated from rodents; pathogenicity not well-characterized | Unknown, possibly rodent-borne |
| Tlamaya virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No known human infection | Isolated from mosquitoes; pathogenicity not well-characterized | Mosquito-borne |
| Tobacco mild green mosaic virus | Tobamoviridae, Tobamovirus | No | Causes mild green mosaic symptoms on tobacco and other Solanaceous plants | Mechanical transmission, direct contact, seeds |
| Tobacco mosaic virus | Tobamoviridae, Tobamovirus | No | Causes mosaic patterns, mottling, necrosis, and stunting in tobacco and over 350 other plant species | Mechanical transmission (contact with infected plants/tools), not insect-borne |
| Tobacco necrosis virus A | Tombusviridae, Necrovirus | No | Causes local necrosis and systemic disease in tobacco and other plants | Zoospore-borne (fungus Olpidium brassicae), mechanical |
| Tobacco necrosis virus D | Tombusviridae, Necrovirus | No | Causes local necrosis and systemic disease in tobacco and other plants | Zoospore-borne (fungus Olpidium brassicae), mechanical |
| Tobacco ringspot virus | Secoviridae, Nepovirus | No | Causes ringspot patterns, mosaic, and stunting in tobacco and many other plants | Nematode-borne (Xiphinema americanum), seed-borne |
| Tomato black ring virus | Secoviridae, Nepovirus | No | Causes black ring spots, necrosis, stunting, and reduced yield in tomato and other crops | Nematode-borne (Longidorus species), seed-borne |
| Tomato bushy stunt virus | Tombusviridae, Tombusvirus | No | Causes stunted growth, bushy appearance, mottling, and fruit deformities in tomato plants | Mechanical transmission, root contact, possibly waterborne |
| Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus | Geminiviridae, Begomovirus | No | Severe leaf curling, yellowing, stunting, and reduced fruit yield in tomato and other crops | Whitefly-borne (Bemisia tabaci) |
| Tomato mosaic virus | Tobamoviridae, Tobamovirus | No | Causes mosaic patterns, mottling, leaf distortion, and reduced fruit quality in tomato plants | Mechanical transmission, direct contact, seeds |
| Tomato spotted wilt virus | Tospoviridae, Orthotospovirus | No | Causes ringspots, necrosis, wilting, stunting, and fruit deformities in a wide range of plants | Thrips-borne (Frankliniella occidentalis) |
| Tomato yellow leaf curl virus | Geminiviridae, Begomovirus | No | Causes severe upward leaf curling, yellowing, stunting, and flower abortion in tomato plants | Whitefly-borne (Bemisia tabaci) |
| Tomato yellow mosaic virus | Geminiviridae, Begomovirus | No | Causes yellow mosaic patterns and reduced growth in tomato plants | Whitefly-borne (Bemisia tabaci) |
| Tomsk virus | Flaviviridae, Flavivirus | No known human infection | Isolated from Ixodid ticks in Siberia; pathogenicity not well-characterized | Tick-borne |
| Tonate virus | Rhabdoviridae, Vesiculovirus | No known human infection | Isolated from mosquitoes and wild animals in South America; pathogenicity not well-characterized | Mosquito-borne |
| Torque Teno virus | Anelloviridae, Alphatorquevirus | Yes (ubiquitous, typically asymptomatic) | Usually asymptomatic; may be associated with immune-compromised conditions or liver disease | Primarily fecal-oral, also parenteral, vertical, respiratory |
| Toripet virus | Rhabdoviridae, Ephemerovirus | No known human infection | Isolated from mosquitoes; pathogenicity not well-described | Mosquito-borne |
| Torres virus | Rhabdoviridae, Vesiculovirus | No known human infection | Isolated from mosquitoes; pathogenicity not well-described | Mosquito-borne |
| Tosca virus | Rhabdoviridae, Lyssavirus | Potentially | Isolated from bats; Lyssaviruses cause rabies-like neurological disease | Bat bite |
| Toucan herpesvirus 1 | Herpesviridae, Iltovirus | No | Causes severe, often fatal, systemic disease in toucans, related to Pacheco’s disease virus | Direct contact, fecal-oral |
| Transmissible gastroenteritis virus | Coronaviridae, Alphacoronavirus | No | Causes severe vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration in young pigs, often fatal | Fecal-oral, direct contact among pigs |
| Travassos virus | Rhabdoviridae, Ephemerovirus | No known human infection | Isolated from bats in Brazil; pathogenicity not well-described | Unknown, likely bat-to-bat or arthropod-borne |
| Tree shrew herpesvirus 1 | Herpesviridae, Simplexvirus | No | Latent infection in tree shrews; can cause fatal disease in specific conditions | Direct contact among tree shrews |
| Tristeza virus | Closteroviridae, Closterovirus | No | Causes decline, stem pitting, and quick decline in citrus trees | Aphid-borne (Toxoptera citricida), grafting |
| Trinidad virus | Rhabdoviridae, Vesiculovirus | No known human infection | Isolated from mosquitoes; pathogenicity not well-described | Mosquito-borne |
| Tropical soda apple mosaic virus | Tymoviridae, Tymovirus | No | Causes mosaic and mottling symptoms on tropical soda apple | Mechanical, beetle-borne |
| Tupaia virus | Adenoviridae, Mastadenovirus | No | Causes systemic infection, sometimes fatal, in tree shrews | Direct contact |
| Tupaiid herpesvirus 1 | Herpesviridae, Simplexvirus | No | Latent infection in tree shrews; can cause fatal disease in specific conditions | Direct contact among tree shrews |
| Turkana virus | Reoviridae, Orbivirus | No known human infection | Isolated from mosquitoes; pathogenicity not well-characterized | Mosquito-borne |
| Turkey coronavirus | Coronaviridae, Gammacoronavirus | No | Causes highly contagious enteric disease in turkeys | Fecal-oral, direct contact among birds |
| Turkey herpesvirus | Herpesviridae, Mardivirus | No | Largely asymptomatic in turkeys; used as a vaccine vector for Marek’s disease in chickens | Direct contact, airborne |
| Turnip crinkle virus | Tombusviridae, Carmovirus | No | Causes crinkling, mottling, and stunting in turnip and other cruciferous plants | Mechanical transmission, possibly flea beetles |
| Turnip mosaic virus | Potyviridae, Potyvirus | No | Causes mosaic patterns, mottling, and leaf distortion in turnip and other brassicas | Aphid-borne (non-persistent) |
| Turnip yellow mosaic virus | Tymoviridae, Tymovirus | No | Causes bright yellow mosaic patterns and leaf malformation in turnip and other cruciferous plants | Mechanical transmission, beetle-borne |
| Turlock virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No known human infection | Isolated from mosquitoes and birds in California; pathogenicity not well-characterized | Mosquito-borne |
| Tuta absoluta virus | Insect-specific virus | No | Infects the tomato leafminer moth (Tuta absoluta), causing mortality or reduced fitness | Oral ingestion (among insects) |
| Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 | Retroviridae, Deltaretrovirus | Yes | Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) | Sexual contact, contaminated blood, mother-to-child (breastfeeding) |
| Human T-lymphotropic virus 2 | Retroviridae, Deltaretrovirus | Yes | Less clear pathogenic role than HTLV-1, often asymptomatic; associated with some neurological disorders | Sexual contact, contaminated blood, mother-to-child (breastfeeding) |
Descriptions
Tabanus abdominalis virus
An insect-specific virus identified in horse flies. It belongs to the Dicistroviridae family and is not known to infect humans or other vertebrates, primarily impacting its insect host populations.
Tabatí virus
A Vesiculovirus belonging to the Rhabdoviridae family, Tabatí virus was first isolated from mosquitoes and sloths in Brazil. Its primary hosts are likely wild animals, with no documented human disease cases.
Tacaribe virus
A New World Mammarenavirus first isolated from bats in Trinidad. While its direct human pathogenicity is unclear, it is closely related to viruses that cause severe hemorrhagic fevers in humans.
Tahyna virus
An Orthobunyavirus found in Europe and Asia, Tahyna virus is transmitted by mosquitoes and causes febrile illness in humans, often presenting with flu-like symptoms. Rarely, it can lead to mild neurological complications.
Tai Forest virus
Discovered in a chimpanzee in the Tai Forest, Ivory Coast, this virus is a Marburgvirus. It is a severe pathogen causing hemorrhagic fever in non-human primates and has potential for human infection.
Takamatsu virus
A Cypovirus that infects silkworms, Takamatsu virus causes a disease characterized by the formation of polyhedra in the cytoplasm of infected cells. It is not known to affect humans.
Tamana Bat virus
An Orbivirus belonging to the Reoviridae family, Tamana Bat virus was first isolated from a bat in Trinidad. While its direct impact on human health is not established, Orbiviruses can be arboviral.
Tamarin Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus
This herpesvirus causes a highly fatal, hemorrhagic endotheliotropic disease in various New World monkeys like marmosets and tamarins. It is a significant threat to primate colonies but does not affect humans.
Tamiami virus
A mosquito-borne Orthobunyavirus of the California serogroup, Tamiami virus circulates in the southeastern United States. It can cause febrile illness in humans, from mild flu-like illness to more severe neurological manifestations.
Tambor virus
A Flavivirus first isolated from mosquitoes and rodents in Brazil. Tambor virus is primarily associated with animal hosts and its potential to cause human disease remains unconfirmed, unlike many other Flaviviruses.
Tegetthoff virus
Discovered in bats, Tegetthoff virus is a Lyssavirus, a genus that includes the rabies virus. While not yet confirmed to infect humans, its relation to rabies suggests a potential for severe neurological disease.
Teheran virus
A Vesiculovirus isolated from camels in Iran, Teheran virus’s pathogenicity and transmission methods are not fully understood. There are no reported cases of human infection, indicating it primarily circulates within animal populations.
Telfairia mosaic virus
A plant pathogen belonging to the Potyvirus genus, Telfairia mosaic virus primarily infects fluted pumpkin. It causes characteristic mosaic and mottling patterns on leaves, severely impacting crop yields.
Tembe virus
An Ephemerovirus within the Rhabdoviridae family, Tembe virus was first isolated from mosquitoes in Brazil. Its clinical significance and impact on human health are currently unknown.
Tench iridovirus
A Ranavirus that causes a severe and often fatal systemic disease in tench. Tench iridovirus is a significant pathogen in aquaculture and is not known to infect humans or other mammals.
Tennessee virus
Discovered in mosquitoes in Tennessee, this Orthobunyavirus is part of the California serogroup. It can cause febrile illness in humans, with symptoms similar to the flu, and rarely, more serious neurological disease.
Tensaw virus
A mosquito-borne Orthobunyavirus of the California serogroup, Tensaw virus circulates in the southeastern United States. It is known to cause mild febrile illness in humans, often presenting with non-specific flu-like symptoms.
Tephrosia mosaic virus
A Potyvirus that infects various Tephrosia plant species, causing mosaic patterns on their leaves. Tephrosia mosaic virus is transmitted by aphids and can impact the growth and yield of these plants.
Teschen disease virus
A Teschovirus that causes Teschen disease, a severe and often fatal encephalomyelitis in pigs. This Picornavirus can lead to paralysis and death in affected swine but poses no threat to human health.
Tete virus
An Orbivirus within the Reoviridae family, Tete virus was isolated from mosquitoes and birds in Africa. While its impact on avian or human health is not well-defined, it circulates in ornithophilic mosquito populations.
Thai encephalitis virus
A mosquito-borne Flavivirus that can cause encephalitis in humans. Thai encephalitis virus is associated with neurological symptoms, including fever and headache, and is endemic to certain regions of Thailand.
Thamnomys virus
A Mammarenavirus isolated from Thamnomys rodents in Africa. While its direct impact on human health is not fully known, its classification suggests a potential for causing hemorrhagic fever.
Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus
A Cardiovirus that causes demyelinating encephalomyelitis in mice, often used as a research model for multiple sclerosis. Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus is highly specific to rodents and does not infect humans.
Thiafora virus
Another Lyssavirus isolated from bats, Thiafora virus is part of the rabies virus lineage. While its direct human pathogenicity needs further study, its genetic proximity to rabies suggests a potential for severe neurological disease.
Thimiri virus
An Orthobunyavirus isolated from mosquitoes and birds in India. Thimiri virus is primarily associated with avian hosts and its role in human disease is currently not established.
Thogoto virus
A tick-borne Thogotovirus that can cause febrile illness and, in some cases, encephalitis in humans. Thogoto virus circulates in Africa, Europe, and Asia, transmitted by hard ticks.
Thottapalayam virus
An Orthohantavirus identified in shrews in India, Thottapalayam virus is noteworthy as the first hantavirus discovered outside of rodents. It is not currently linked to human disease, unlike other hantaviruses.
Tibrogargan virus
An Orbivirus isolated from biting midges in Australia. Tibrogargan virus is primarily known to circulate among insect vectors and animal hosts, with no confirmed cases of human infection.
Tick-borne encephalitis virus
A significant human pathogen transmitted by ticks, Tick-borne encephalitis virus causes severe neurological disease including meningitis and encephalitis. It is endemic across large parts of Europe and Asia.
Tick-borne Powassan virus
A North American Flavivirus transmitted by Ixodes ticks, Tick-borne Powassan virus can cause severe neurological disease in humans, including encephalitis and meningitis. Cases are rare but often serious.
Tilapia lake virus
A devastating virus causing mass mortality in farmed and wild tilapia, threatening global aquaculture. Tilapia lake virus primarily affects the brain, eye, and liver of fish, but is not known to infect humans.
Thin-leafed clover mosaic virus
A plant virus that infects thin-leafed clover, causing mosaic symptoms and leaf distortion. Belonging to the Potyvirus genus, it is transmitted by aphids and can impact forage crop health.
Tlacotalpan virus
An Orthobunyavirus isolated from mosquitoes in Mexico. Tlacotalpan virus is primarily found in arthropod vectors and its role in causing human or animal disease is currently unknown.
Tlacuilole virus
An Orthobunyavirus isolated from rodents in Mexico. Tlacuilole virus’s impact on human or animal health is currently not established, suggesting it primarily circulates within rodent populations.
Tlamaya virus
An Orthobunyavirus isolated from mosquitoes in Mexico. Tlamaya virus is primarily associated with arthropod vectors and its potential to cause disease in humans or other animals is not well-defined.
Tobacco mild green mosaic virus
A Tobamovirus closely related to Tobacco mosaic virus. It causes mild green mosaic symptoms on tobacco and other plants, highly infectious and primarily spread through mechanical means.
Tobacco mosaic virus
One of the most studied plant viruses, Tobacco mosaic virus causes mosaic patterns and stunting in tobacco and many other crops. It is highly stable and easily transmitted mechanically.
Tobacco necrosis virus A
A Necrovirus that causes localized necrotic lesions and systemic disease in tobacco and various other plant species. It is primarily transmitted by the fungus Olpidium brassicae and through mechanical means.
Tobacco necrosis virus D
Similar to Tobacco necrosis virus A, this Necrovirus causes necrotic lesions and systemic disease in a range of plants, including tobacco. Its transmission mainly occurs via the fungal vector.
Tobacco ringspot virus
A Nepovirus that infects a wide host range, causing characteristic ringspot patterns, stunting, and mosaic symptoms. Tobacco ringspot virus is transmitted by nematodes and can also be seed-borne.
Tomato black ring virus
A Nepovirus that infects numerous plant species, including tomatoes. It causes distinctive black ring patterns, necrosis, and overall plant stunting, and is transmitted by nematodes and through infected seeds.
Tomato bushy stunt virus
A Tombusvirus that causes severe stunting, bushy growth, and fruit deformities in tomato plants. Highly stable, it is mainly spread through mechanical contact, contaminated soil, and root-to-root transmission.
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus
A Begomovirus causing widespread and devastating leaf curl disease in tomatoes and other vegetables. Transmitted by whiteflies, it leads to severe leaf distortion, stunting, and significant yield losses globally.
Tomato mosaic virus
A highly infectious Tobamovirus that causes mosaic symptoms, mottling, and distorted leaves in tomato plants. It is easily spread through mechanical contact, contaminated tools, and seeds, impacting tomato production.
Tomato spotted wilt virus
A globally important plant virus with an extremely broad host range, causing ringspots, necrosis, and stunting. Tomato spotted wilt virus is transmitted by thrips and results in substantial economic losses.
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus
A devastating Begomovirus causing severe yellowing, upward leaf curling, and stunting in tomato plants. It is transmitted by whiteflies and is a major constraint on tomato production.
Tomato yellow mosaic virus
A Begomovirus that causes yellow mosaic patterns and stunted growth in tomato plants. Transmitted by whiteflies, it is a significant pathogen that impacts tomato yields, particularly in warmer climates.
Tomsk virus
A Flavivirus isolated from ticks in Siberia. Tomsk virus’s impact on human or animal health is currently unknown, suggesting its primary circulation is within tick and possibly small mammal populations.
Tonate virus
A Vesiculovirus isolated from mosquitoes and wild animals in South America. Tonate virus is primarily associated with animal hosts and its potential to cause human disease is not established.
Torque Teno virus
A highly prevalent Anellovirus found in most human populations worldwide. Torque Teno virus is usually asymptomatic and not clearly linked to specific diseases, though its role in various conditions is still under investigation.
Toripet virus
An Ephemerovirus isolated from mosquitoes in Japan. Toripet virus’s clinical significance and impact on human health are currently unknown, suggesting its primary circulation is in animal reservoirs.
Torres virus
A Vesiculovirus isolated from mosquitoes in Australia. Torres virus’s impact on human or animal health is currently unknown, suggesting its primary circulation is within insect vectors and potentially animal hosts.
Tosca virus
A Lyssavirus isolated from bats in Europe, Tosca virus is related to the rabies virus. While its specific human pathogenicity requires more research, its family suggests a potential for severe neurological disease.
Toucan herpesvirus 1
A highly pathogenic herpesvirus that causes severe, often fatal, systemic disease in toucans and other psittacine birds. It is related to Pacheco’s disease virus and is not known to infect humans.
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus
An Alphacoronavirus that causes Transmissible Gastroenteritis, a highly contagious and often fatal disease in young pigs. It leads to severe diarrhea and vomiting, significantly impacting the swine industry.
Travassos virus
An Ephemerovirus isolated from bats in Brazil. Travassos virus’s clinical significance and impact on human health are currently unknown, suggesting its primary circulation is in animal reservoirs.
Tree shrew herpesvirus 1
A herpesvirus naturally infecting tree shrews, often causing asymptomatic or latent infections. While not a human pathogen, it is used in research as a model for herpesvirus infections in its natural host.
Tristeza virus
One of the most economically devastating plant viruses, Citrus tristeza virus causes decline, stem pitting, and death in citrus trees. It is transmitted by aphids and through infected rootstock.
Trinidad virus
A Vesiculovirus isolated from mosquitoes in Trinidad. Trinidad virus’s impact on human or animal health is currently unknown, suggesting its primary circulation is within insect vectors and potentially animal hosts.
Tropical soda apple mosaic virus
A Tymovirus that infects tropical soda apple, an invasive weed. It causes mosaic and mottling symptoms and is transmitted mechanically and by certain beetle species, but does not affect humans.
Tupaia virus
An Adenovirus isolated from tree shrews. Tupaia virus causes systemic infections in its natural host and is used in virology research as a model for adenovirus replication and host interactions.
Tupaiid herpesvirus 1
A herpesvirus naturally infecting tree shrews (tupaiids), often causing asymptomatic or latent infections. It is closely related to Tree shrew herpesvirus 1 and does not infect humans.
Turkana virus
An Orbivirus isolated from mosquitoes in East Africa. Turkana virus’s impact on human or animal health is currently unknown, suggesting its primary circulation is within insect vectors and potentially animal hosts.
Turkey coronavirus
A Gammacoronavirus that causes a highly contagious enteric disease in turkeys, leading to significant economic losses in poultry farming. It is host-specific and does not infect humans.
Turkey herpesvirus
A herpesvirus that commonly infects turkeys, typically without causing overt disease. It is widely used as a safe and effective vaccine to protect chickens against Marek’s disease.
Turnip crinkle virus
A Carmovirus that infects turnips and other cruciferous plants, causing characteristic crinkling and mottling of leaves, along with stunted growth. It is primarily transmitted mechanically.
Turnip mosaic virus
A globally widespread Potyvirus infecting a broad range of Brassica crops and other plants. It causes mosaic symptoms, mottling, and leaf distortion, and is efficiently transmitted by aphids.
Turnip yellow mosaic virus
A Tymovirus that causes distinctive bright yellow mosaic patterns and leaf malformation in turnips and other Brassica species. It is transmitted mechanically and by specific beetle vectors.
Turlock virus
An Orthobunyavirus isolated from mosquitoes and birds in California. Turlock virus is primarily associated with avian hosts and its role in human disease is currently not established.
Tuta absoluta virus
A virus that infects the highly destructive tomato leafminer moth, Tuta absoluta. This insect-specific virus is being studied for its potential as a biological control agent to manage the pest in agriculture.
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1
A Deltaretrovirus that infects human T-lymphocytes. HTLV-1 can cause Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, a chronic debilitating neurological disease.
Human T-lymphotropic virus 2
Another Deltaretrovirus infecting human T-lymphocytes, similar to HTLV-1. While its pathogenic role is less defined, HTLV-2 is sometimes linked to mild neurological or hematological disorders but is often found in asymptomatic individuals.