Viruses that start with the letter “S” number 140 in total, covering a wide range of types from those affecting humans to viruses found only in plants, animals, and insects around the world. Many of these viruses belong to well-known families like Flaviviridae, Herpesviridae, and Peribunyaviridae, reflecting a diverse viral landscape. Notably, this list includes globally significant human pathogens like SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, alongside numerous viruses that primarily impact wildlife or agriculture. The variety highlights how viruses with names beginning with “S” offer a glimpse into viral diversity and the ongoing importance of studying them for health and scientific knowledge.
Explore the comprehensive table below to discover each virus’s classification, primary hosts, symptoms, and how it spreads.
Virus Name Identifies the official name of the virus, providing a clear reference for each entry.
Classification Shows the virus family and genus to help understand its scientific grouping and related viruses.
Primary Hosts Indicates which species the virus mainly infects, such as humans, animals, or plants.
Associated Illness/Symptoms Describes the common symptoms or diseases caused by the virus, giving insight into its impact.
Transmission Method Explains how the virus spreads from host to host, such as through bites, aerosols, contact, or vectors like mosquitoes.
Viruses that start with S
| Virus Name | Classification | Affects Humans? | Symptoms | Transmission Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sabana virus | Flaviviridae, Flavivirus | No | Not well characterized; primarily affects rodents and possibly bats. | Unknown; likely arthropod-borne. |
| Sabia virus | Arenaviridae, Mammarenavirus | Yes | Fever, headache, myalgia, hemorrhagic fever with liver involvement. | Rodent excretions (aerosols), direct contact with infected animals, laboratory exposure. |
| Sagiyama virus | Togaviridae, Alphavirus | No | Causes encephalitis in birds. | Mosquito bites (arbovirus). |
| Saimiriine gammaherpesvirus 2 | Herpesviridae, Gammaherpesvirinae | No | Typically asymptomatic in natural host (squirrel monkeys); can cause lymphoproliferative disease in other New World monkeys. | Direct contact, bodily fluids. |
| Saint Louis encephalitis virus | Flaviviridae, Flavivirus | Yes | Fever, headache, nausea, fatigue; severe cases can lead to encephalitis (brain inflammation). | Mosquito bites (e.g., Culex species). |
| Sakhalin virus | Nairoviridae, Orthonairovirus | Rarely | Febrile illness, headache, myalgia. | Tick bites. |
| Salehabad virus | Nairoviridae, Orthonairovirus | No | Primarily found in ticks and rodents; human illness not well documented. | Tick bites. |
| Salanga virus | Rhabdoviridae, Lyssavirus | No | Primarily found in bats; potential for rabies-like symptoms in bats. | Bites from infected bats. |
| Salmonid alphaherpesvirus 1 | Herpesviridae, Alphaherpesvirinae | No | Causes viral hematopoietic necrosis, leading to high mortality in young salmonid fish. | Waterborne transmission, fish-to-fish contact. |
| Salmonid alphaherpesvirus 2 | Herpesviridae, Alphaherpesvirinae | No | Associated with proliferative kidney disease in salmonid fish. | Waterborne transmission, fish-to-fish contact. |
| Salmonid alphaherpesvirus 3 | Herpesviridae, Alphaherpesvirinae | No | Causes herpesvirus of salmonids, primarily affecting coho salmon. | Waterborne transmission, fish-to-fish contact. |
| Salmonid novirhabdovirus | Rhabdoviridae, Novirhabdovirus | No | Causes viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS), a highly contagious and lethal disease in fish. | Waterborne transmission, direct contact, contaminated equipment. |
| Salmon swimbladder sarcoma virus | Retroviridae, Gammaretrovirus | No | Causes cancerous tumors in the swimbladder of salmon. | Likely vertical transmission (parent to offspring) or horizontal contact. |
| Sandfly fever Naples virus | Phenuiviridae, Phlebovirus | Yes | Sudden onset of fever, headache, myalgia, weakness, nausea. | Sandfly bites. |
| Sandfly fever Sicilian virus | Phenuiviridae, Phlebovirus | Yes | Sudden onset of fever, headache, myalgia, weakness, nausea. | Sandfly bites. |
| Sandjimba virus | Nairoviridae, Orthonairovirus | No | Primarily detected in ticks and birds; human illness not clearly documented. | Tick bites. |
| Sangassou virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | Rarely | Febrile illness. | Mosquito bites. |
| Sango virus | Nairoviridae, Orthonairovirus | No | Detected in ticks; human illness not documented. | Tick bites. |
| Santa Rosa virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No | Detected in mosquitoes and rodents; human illness not documented. | Mosquito bites. |
| Santiago virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No | Detected in mosquitoes; human illness not documented. | Mosquito bites. |
| Santo Amaro virus | Nairoviridae, Orthonairovirus | No | Detected in ticks; human illness not documented. | Tick bites. |
| São Paulo virus | Flaviviridae, Flavivirus | Yes | Fever, headache, muscle pain, nausea; can lead to neurological complications like encephalitis. | Mosquito bites (likely Culex). |
| Sapporo virus | Caliciviridae, Sapovirus | Yes | Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever. | Contaminated food/water, person-to-person via fecal-oral route. |
| Saraca virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No | Detected in mosquitoes and birds; human illness not documented. | Mosquito bites. |
| SARS-CoV | Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus | Yes | Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), fever, cough, dyspnea, pneumonia. | Respiratory droplets, close contact. |
| SARS-CoV-2 | Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus | Yes | COVID-19: fever, cough, fatigue, dyspnea, loss of taste/smell; can lead to severe pneumonia, ARDS, multi-organ failure. | Respiratory droplets, airborne transmission, close contact. |
| Satellite panicum mosaic virus | Tombusviridae, Satellitovirus | No | Enhances symptoms of panicum mosaic virus in plants, causing mosaic patterns. | Mechanical transmission; requires helper virus. |
| Satellite tobacco necrosis virus | Tombusviridae, Satellitovirus | No | Enhances symptoms of tobacco necrosis virus in plants, causing necrosis. | Mechanical transmission; requires helper virus. |
| Sathuperi virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | Rarely | Febrile illness, headache, myalgia. | Mosquito bites. |
| Saurian adenovirus | Adenoviridae, Atadenovirus | No | Causes respiratory and gastrointestinal disease in lizards and snakes. | Fecal-oral route, direct contact. |
| Schmallenberg virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No | Fever, reduced milk yield in adult cattle; congenital malformations (arthrogryposis, hydranencephaly) in newborn calves, lambs, and goat kids. | Culicoides biting midges. |
| Sciurid gammaherpesvirus 2 | Herpesviridae, Gammaherpesvirinae | No | Causes asymptomatic infection in its natural host (squirrels). | Direct contact, bodily fluids. |
| Seal adenovirus | Adenoviridae, Mastadenovirus | No | Causes respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in seals. | Direct contact, aerosol. |
| Seal distemper virus | Paramyxoviridae, Morbillivirus | No | Severe respiratory disease, neurological signs, skin lesions, immunosuppression in seals. | Direct contact, aerosol. |
| Seal influenza virus | Orthomyxoviridae, Alphainfluenzavirus | No | Respiratory disease, pneumonia in seals. | Direct contact, aerosol. |
| Seal parapoxvirus | Poxviridae, Parapoxvirus | No | Skin lesions, papules, nodules, and ulcers on the flippers and body of seals. | Direct contact, contact with contaminated surfaces. |
| Seewis orthohantavirus | Hantaviridae, Orthohantavirus | Rarely | Mild or asymptomatic human infection, rarely severe illness. | Rodent excretions (aerosols), direct contact with rodents. |
| Seletar virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No | Detected in mosquitoes; human illness not documented. | Mosquito bites. |
| Semliki Forest virus | Togaviridae, Alphavirus | Yes | Fever, headache, myalgia, arthralgia; rare cases of encephalitis. | Mosquito bites. |
| Senegal virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No | Detected in mosquitoes and rodents; human illness not documented. | Mosquito bites. |
| Seoul virus | Hantaviridae, Orthohantavirus | Yes | Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), fever, headache, abdominal pain, kidney failure. | Rodent excretions (aerosols), direct contact with rodents (Rattus norvegicus). |
| Sepik virus | Flaviviridae, Flavivirus | Yes | Fever, headache, myalgia, general malaise. | Mosquito bites. |
| Serra do Navio virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No | Detected in mosquitoes; human illness not documented. | Mosquito bites. |
| Serrano golden mosaic virus | Geminiviridae, Begomovirus | No | Causes golden mosaic patterns, leaf distortion, and stunted growth in pepper plants. | Whiteflies. |
| Shamonda virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No | Causes mild fever in livestock. | Culicoides biting midges. |
| Sheep adenovirus | Adenoviridae, Mastadenovirus | No | Causes respiratory disease, diarrhea, and conjunctivitis in lambs. | Fecal-oral route, respiratory droplets. |
| Sheep pox virus | Poxviridae, Capripoxvirus | No | Fever, generalized skin lesions (pustules, scabs), internal organ lesions in sheep and goats. | Direct contact, aerosol, contaminated fomites. |
| Shibuya virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No | Detected in mosquitoes; human illness not documented. | Mosquito bites. |
| Shimoni bat virus | Rhabdoviridae, Lyssavirus | No | Primarily found in bats; potential for rabies-like symptoms in bats. | Bites from infected bats. |
| Shingleback nidovirus | Nidovirales, Coronidoviridae | No | Causes severe respiratory disease, wasting, and death in shingleback lizards. | Direct contact, respiratory secretions. |
| Shola virus | Nairoviridae, Orthonairovirus | No | Detected in ticks; human illness not documented. | Tick bites. |
| Shorebird flavivirus 1 | Flaviviridae, Flavivirus | No | Infects shorebirds; human illness not documented. | Mosquito bites (likely). |
| Sibine alphabaculovirus | Baculoviridae, Alphabaculovirus | No | Causes lethal systemic infection in Sibine stimulea (stinging caterpillar). | Oral ingestion of contaminated plant material. |
| Sigma virus | Rhabdoviridae, Sigmavirus | No | Causes a persistent, non-lethal infection in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), leading to temperature-sensitive paralysis. | Vertical transmission (parent to offspring), rare horizontal transmission. |
| Silva virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No | Detected in mosquitoes; human illness not documented. | Mosquito bites. |
| Simian adenovirus | Adenoviridae, Mastadenovirus | No | Causes respiratory, gastrointestinal, or ocular disease in monkeys; usually asymptomatic in natural host. | Direct contact, fecal-oral route. |
| Simian foamy virus | Retroviridae, Spumavirus | Rarely | Usually asymptomatic in natural primate host; rare, often asymptomatic human infection. | Direct contact with infected primate bodily fluids (e.g., bites, scratches). |
| Simian hemorrhagic fever virus | Arteriviridae, Arterivirus | No | Causes severe hemorrhagic fever in macaque monkeys, often fatal. | Direct contact, bodily fluids. |
| Simian immunodeficiency virus | Retroviridae, Lentivirus | Rarely | Causes immunodeficiency syndrome in non-human primates; ancestor of HIV-1 and HIV-2. | Direct contact with infected primate bodily fluids (e.g., bites). |
| Simian parainfluenza virus | Paramyxoviridae, Respirovirus | Rarely | Causes respiratory illness in primates; can cause mild respiratory symptoms in humans. | Respiratory droplets, close contact. |
| Simian T-lymphotropic virus | Retroviridae, Deltaretrovirus | No | Causes T-cell lymphomas/leukemias in primates; related to HTLV in humans. | Direct contact, bodily fluids. |
| Simian varicella virus | Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus | No | Causes varicella-like rash, fever, and sometimes severe systemic disease in non-human primates. | Direct contact, respiratory secretions. |
| Simian virus 5 | Paramyxoviridae, Rubulavirus | No | Causes asymptomatic infection in monkeys; can infect humans, typically without symptoms. | Respiratory droplets, direct contact. |
| Simian virus 40 | Polyomaviridae, Polyomavirus | Rarely | Causes asymptomatic infection in rhesus monkeys; controversial link to human cancers. | Direct contact, contaminated biological products (past vaccine contamination). |
| Sin Nombre orthohantavirus | Hantaviridae, Orthohantavirus | Yes | Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS): fever, myalgia, severe respiratory distress, shock, pulmonary edema. | Rodent excretions (aerosols), especially from deer mice. |
| Sindbis virus | Togaviridae, Alphavirus | Yes | Rash, arthralgia (joint pain), fever, myalgia. | Mosquito bites (e.g., Culex, Aedes). |
| Singapore grouper iridovirus | Iridoviridae, Ranavirus | No | Causes systemic disease, organ damage, and high mortality in farmed groupers and other fish. | Waterborne transmission, direct contact. |
| Sirione virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No | Detected in mosquitoes; human illness not documented. | Mosquito bites. |
| Sisquoc virus | Hantaviridae, Orthohantavirus | No | Primarily found in shrews; human illness not documented. | Rodent excretions (aerosols). |
| Sitaford virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No | Detected in mosquitoes; human illness not documented. | Mosquito bites. |
| Sitke-sitke virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No | Detected in mosquitoes; human illness not documented. | Mosquito bites. |
| Skunk adenovirus | Adenoviridae, Mastadenovirus | No | Causes respiratory and gastrointestinal disease in skunks. | Direct contact, fecal-oral route. |
| Skunk poxvirus | Poxviridae, Orthopoxvirus | No | Causes skin lesions, papules, and scabs in skunks. | Direct contact, possibly insect bites. |
| Snake adenovirus | Adenoviridae, Atadenovirus | No | Causes respiratory disease, gastrointestinal issues, and liver necrosis in snakes. | Fecal-oral route, direct contact. |
| Snakehead rhabdovirus | Rhabdoviridae, Novirhabdovirus | No | Causes hemorrhagic septicemia in snakehead fish. | Waterborne transmission, direct contact. |
| Snowshoe hare virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | Yes | Fever, headache, myalgia, rash; rare cases of encephalitis. | Mosquito bites. |
| Socorro virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No | Detected in mosquitoes and rodents; human illness not documented. | Mosquito bites. |
| Sodankyla virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No | Detected in mosquitoes; human illness not documented. | Mosquito bites. |
| Sofi virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No | Detected in mosquitoes; human illness not documented. | Mosquito bites. |
| Soldado virus | Nairoviridae, Orthonairovirus | No | Primarily found in ticks and seabirds; human illness not well documented. | Tick bites. |
| Solenopsis invicta virus | Iflaviridae, Iflavirus | No | Causes lethargy, reduced reproduction, and increased mortality in red imported fire ants. | Fecal-oral route, trophallaxis (food sharing). |
| Sonchus virus | Luteoviridae, Polerovirus | No | Causes yellowing, stunting, and reduced yield in Sonchus species (e.g., sowthistle). | Aphids (persistent transmission). |
| Sonchus yellow net virus | Rhabdoviridae, Cytorhabdovirus | No | Causes yellow net symptoms, veinal chlorosis, and stunting in various plants. | Aphids (persistent transmission). |
| Sororoca virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No | Detected in mosquitoes; human illness not documented. | Mosquito bites. |
| Souris virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No | Detected in mosquitoes; human illness not documented. | Mosquito bites. |
| Southern bean mosaic virus | Tymoviridae, Sobemovirus | No | Causes mosaic patterns, mottling, and stunting in bean plants. | Mechanical transmission, seed-borne, beetle vectors. |
| Southern tomato virus | Tobamoviridae, Tobamovirus | No | Causes mild mosaic, mottling, and crinkling of leaves in tomato plants. | Mechanical transmission, contact. |
| Soybean chlorotic mottle virus | Caulimoviridae, Caulimovirus | No | Causes chlorotic mottling, mosaic, and stunting in soybean plants. | Aphids (semi-persistent transmission). |
| Soybean crinkle leaf virus | Geminiviridae, Begomovirus | No | Causes crinkling, distortion, and stunting of leaves in soybean plants. | Whiteflies. |
| Soybean dwarf virus | Luteoviridae, Polerovirus | No | Causes stunting, yellowing, and leaf deformation in soybean plants. | Aphids (persistent transmission). |
| Soybean mosaic virus | Potyviridae, Potyvirus | No | Causes mosaic patterns, blistering, and stunting in soybean plants. | Aphids (non-persistent transmission), seed-borne. |
| Sphenodon punctatus rhadinovirus 1 | Herpesviridae, Gammaherpesvirinae | No | Causes persistent, asymptomatic infection in its natural host (tuatara). | Unknown; likely direct contact. |
| Spissistilus festinus virus 1 | Dicistroviridae, Cripavirus | No | Causes paralysis and mortality in the three-cornered alfalfa hopper. | Unknown; likely oral ingestion. |
| Spitz virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No | Detected in mosquitoes; human illness not documented. | Mosquito bites. |
| Spondweni virus | Flaviviridae, Flavivirus | Yes | Fever, headache, myalgia, rash, arthralgia; similar to Zika but milder. | Mosquito bites (e.g., Aedes species). |
| Spring viraemia of carp virus | Rhabdoviridae, Vesiculovirus | No | Causes hemorrhagic septicemia, ascites, and organ damage in carp and other cyprinid fish. | Waterborne transmission, direct contact. |
| Spruce budworm virus | Baculoviridae, Nucleopolyhedrovirus | No | Causes lethal systemic infection in spruce budworm larvae. | Oral ingestion of contaminated foliage. |
| Squash leaf curl virus | Geminiviridae, Begomovirus | No | Causes leaf curling, distortion, stunting, and yellowing in squash and other cucurbit plants. | Whiteflies. |
| Squash mosaic virus | Secoviridae, Comovirus | No | Causes mosaic patterns, mottling, and fruit distortion in squash and other cucurbit plants. | Beetle vectors, mechanical transmission, seed-borne. |
| Squirrel fibroma virus | Poxviridae, Fibromavirus | No | Causes benign skin tumors (fibromas) in squirrels. | Direct contact, possibly insect bites. |
| Squirrelpox virus | Poxviridae, Orthopoxvirus | No | Causes severe skin lesions, scabs, and sometimes systemic disease in red squirrels. | Direct contact, possibly insect bites. |
| Sri Lankan passion fruit mottle virus | Potyviridae, Potyvirus | No | Causes mottling, leaf distortion, and reduced fruit yield in passion fruit plants. | Aphids (non-persistent transmission). |
| Stanleyville virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No | Detected in mosquitoes; human illness not documented. | Mosquito bites. |
| Staphylococcus phage | Siphoviridae, Myoviridae, Podoviridae | No | Infects and lyses Staphylococcus bacteria; no direct human effect. | Direct contact with bacteria. |
| Staphylococcus phage Twort | Myoviridae, Twortvirinae | No | Infects and lyses Staphylococcus aureus bacteria; no direct human effect. | Direct contact with bacteria. |
| Stoke’s Canyon virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No | Detected in mosquitoes and rodents; human illness not documented. | Mosquito bites. |
| Stratford virus | Flaviviridae, Flavivirus | Yes | Mild fever, rash, arthralgia; often asymptomatic. | Mosquito bites. |
| Strawberry crinkle virus | Rhabdoviridae, Cytorhabdovirus | No | Causes leaf crinkling, distortion, and reduced fruit size/yield in strawberry plants. | Aphids (persistent transmission). |
| Strawberry latent ringspot virus | Secoviridae, Nepovirus | No | Causes ringspots, mottling, and stunting in various plants, including strawberries. | Nematodes (soil-borne), mechanical transmission, seed-borne. |
| Strawberry mild yellow edge virus | Luteoviridae, Polerovirus | No | Causes mild yellowing of leaf edges and reduced vigor in strawberry plants. | Aphids (persistent transmission). |
| Strawberry mottle virus | Comoviridae, Nepovirus | No | Causes mottling, chlorosis, and reduced vigor in strawberry plants. | Aphids (semi-persistent transmission). |
| Strawberry vein banding virus | Caulimoviridae, Caulimovirus | No | Causes transparent veins, vein banding, and mild leaf distortion in strawberry plants. | Aphids (semi-persistent transmission). |
| Streamwood virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No | Detected in mosquitoes; human illness not documented. | Mosquito bites. |
| Striped bass rhabdovirus | Rhabdoviridae, Vesiculovirus | No | Causes hemorrhagic septicemia and mortality in striped bass. | Waterborne transmission, direct contact. |
| Striped jack nervous necrosis virus | Nodaviridae, Betanodavirus | No | Causes viral nervous necrosis (VNN), leading to abnormal swimming, lethargy, and high mortality in fish. | Waterborne transmission, vertical transmission (parent to offspring). |
| Sudan ebolavirus | Filoviridae, Orthonairovirus | Yes | Ebola virus disease (EVD): fever, severe headache, muscle pain, fatigue, diarrhea, vomiting, unexplained hemorrhage. | Direct contact with bodily fluids of infected people or animals (e.g., bats, non-human primates). |
| Sugarcane bacilliform virus | Caulimoviridae, Badnavirus | No | Causes chlorotic streaks and stunting in sugarcane plants. | Mealybugs (semi-persistent transmission), mechanical transmission, vegetative propagation. |
| Sugarcane mosaic virus | Potyviridae, Potyvirus | No | Causes mosaic patterns, mottling, and stunting in sugarcane plants. | Aphids (non-persistent transmission), mechanical transmission, vegetative propagation. |
| Sugarcane streak virus | Geminiviridae, Mastrevirus | No | Causes fine chlorotic streaks and stunting in sugarcane plants. | Leafhoppers (persistent transmission). |
| Sugarcane yellow leaf virus | Luteoviridae, Polerovirus | No | Causes yellowing of leaf midribs and blades, and stunting in sugarcane plants. | Aphids (persistent transmission), vegetative propagation. |
| Suiattle River virus | Nairoviridae, Orthonairovirus | No | Detected in ticks; human illness not documented. | Tick bites. |
| Suid alphaherpesvirus 1 | Herpesviridae, Alphaherpesvirinae | No | Causes Aujeszky’s disease (pseudorabies), leading to neurological, respiratory, and reproductive issues in swine. | Direct contact, nasal secretions, saliva. |
| Suid betaherpesvirus 2 | Herpesviridae, Betaherpesvirinae | No | Causes inclusion body rhinitis in young pigs, leading to sneezing and nasal discharge. | Direct contact, aerosol. |
| Suid gammaherpesvirus 3 | Herpesviridae, Gammaherpesvirinae | No | Causes asymptomatic infection in swine. | Unknown; likely direct contact. |
| Suid gammaherpesvirus 4 | Herpesviridae, Gammaherpesvirinae | No | Causes asymptomatic infection in swine. | Unknown; likely direct contact. |
| Suipoxvirus | Poxviridae, Suipoxvirus | No | Causes characteristic skin lesions (papules, pustules, scabs) in pigs. | Direct contact, fomites, mechanical transmission (e.g., lice). |
| Sunflower chlorotic mottle virus | Caulimoviridae, Caulimovirus | No | Causes chlorotic mottling, mosaic, and stunting in sunflower plants. | Aphids (semi-persistent transmission). |
| Sunflower mild mosaic virus | Bromoviridae, Alfamovirus | No | Causes mild mosaic and mottling on leaves of sunflower plants. | Aphids (non-persistent transmission), mechanical transmission. |
| Sunflower mosaic virus | Potyviridae, Potyvirus | No | Causes mosaic patterns, mottling, and stunting in sunflower plants. | Aphids (non-persistent transmission). |
| Sunflower necrosis virus | Tombusviridae, Necrovirus | No | Causes necrotic lesions, wilting, and stem necrosis in sunflower plants. | Mechanical transmission, possibly soil-borne. |
| Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus | Closteroviridae, Crinivirus | No | Causes stunted growth, chlorosis, and leaf curling in sweet potato plants. | Whiteflies (semi-persistent transmission). |
| Sweet potato feathery mottle virus | Potyviridae, Potyvirus | No | Causes feathery mottle, vein clearing, and mild leaf distortion in sweet potato plants. | Aphids (non-persistent transmission), vegetative propagation. |
| Sweet potato mild mottle virus | Potyviridae, Ipomovirus | No | Causes mild mottling, stunting, and reduced yield in sweet potato plants. | Whiteflies (persistent transmission). |
| Swine adenovirus | Adenoviridae, Mastadenovirus | No | Causes respiratory and enteric disease in pigs, particularly young piglets. | Fecal-oral route, respiratory secretions. |
| Swine hepatitis E virus | Hepeviridae, Orthohepevirus | Rarely | Causes hepatitis in pigs; can cause asymptomatic or mild hepatitis in humans. | Fecal-oral route, consumption of undercooked pork. |
| Swine influenza virus | Orthomyxoviridae, Alphainfluenzavirus | Rarely | Causes respiratory illness in pigs; can cause mild to severe flu-like illness in humans. | Respiratory droplets (pig-to-pig, pig-to-human). |
| Swinepox virus | Poxviridae, Suipoxvirus | No | Causes skin lesions (papules, pustules) primarily on the abdomen and inner thighs of young pigs. | Direct contact, fomites, biting insects (e.g., lice). |
| Swine vesicular disease virus | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | No | Causes vesicular lesions on snouts, mouth, and feet of pigs; clinically similar to Foot-and-Mouth Disease. | Direct contact, contaminated feed, fomites. |
| Swiss bat lyssavirus | Rhabdoviridae, Lyssavirus | Yes | Causes rabies-like encephalitis in bats; potential for severe, fatal rabies-like disease in humans. | Bites from infected bats. |
| Syncerus caffer rhadinovirus 1 | Herpesviridae, Gammaherpesvirinae | No | Causes persistent, asymptomatic infection in its natural host (African buffalo). | Unknown; likely direct contact. |
Descriptions
Sabana virus
A lesser-known arbovirus identified in South America, primarily associated with rodents. Its impact on human health is not well understood, but it is not commonly reported to cause severe disease.
Sabia virus
A rare but highly virulent South American mammarenavirus. It can cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans, similar to Lassa fever, with high mortality rates if untreated.
Sagiyama virus
An arbovirus primarily infecting birds, especially fowl. While closely related to viruses that can infect humans, Sagiyama virus itself is not known to cause significant human disease.
Saimiriine gammaherpesvirus 2
A primate herpesvirus naturally found in squirrel monkeys, where it usually causes no disease. It is a research interest due to its oncogenic potential in other non-human primate species.
Saint Louis encephalitis virus
A common cause of arboviral encephalitis in North America. It can cause a range of symptoms from mild fever to severe neurological disease, particularly in the elderly.
Sakhalin virus
A tick-borne virus found in Eurasia. It is known to cause mild febrile illness in humans, characterized by fever and general body aches, but severe cases are rare.
Salehabad virus
An orthonairovirus identified in ticks and rodents in Iran. While a potential concern due to its family, its impact on human health is not clearly established or widely reported.
Salanga virus
A lyssavirus found in bats in Africa. It is related to rabies virus, but its direct impact or transmission to humans is not clearly established, though bat lyssaviruses are zoonotic concerns.
Salmonid alphaherpesvirus 1
A significant pathogen in aquaculture, primarily affecting salmon and trout. It causes severe disease and high mortality, particularly in young fish, impacting global fisheries.
Salmonid alphaherpesvirus 2
A herpesvirus found in salmon and trout. It is linked to proliferative kidney disease, affecting the health and survival of farmed and wild salmonid populations.
Salmonid alphaherpesvirus 3
Another herpesvirus impacting salmonid fish. It can cause systemic disease in species like coho salmon, contributing to fish mortality in aquaculture environments.
Salmonid novirhabdovirus
A major threat to freshwater and marine fish populations worldwide. It causes a severe hemorrhagic disease, leading to significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry.
Salmon swimbladder sarcoma virus
A retrovirus that induces sarcomas (cancers) in the swimbladder of salmon, affecting their buoyancy control and overall health. It is a focus of fish pathology research.
Sandfly fever Naples virus
A common cause of “pappataci fever” or sandfly fever in humans, particularly in the Mediterranean region. It generally causes a mild, self-limiting febrile illness.
Sandfly fever Sicilian virus
Another prevalent cause of sandfly fever. Similar to the Naples virus, it results in a non-fatal, acute febrile illness, often seen in temperate and subtropical regions.
Sandjimba virus
An orthonairovirus identified in ticks and birds in Africa. While belonging to a family with human pathogens, its specific impact on human health is not well understood.
Sangassou virus
An orthobunyavirus identified in mosquitoes and humans in West Africa. It can cause a mild febrile illness, though it is not widely recognized as a major human pathogen.
Sango virus
An orthonairovirus found in ticks in Africa. Currently, there is no strong evidence linking Sango virus to human disease, and its host range is likely arthropods.
Santa Rosa virus
An orthobunyavirus identified in mosquitoes and rodents in South America. Its role in human or animal disease is not clearly established, and it is largely considered an ecological isolate.
Santiago virus
An orthobunyavirus identified in mosquitoes in the Caribbean. Similar to Santa Rosa virus, its specific impact on human or animal health is not well-characterized.
Santo Amaro virus
An orthonairovirus isolated from ticks in Brazil. Little is known about its clinical significance or whether it causes disease in humans or animals.
São Paulo virus
A flavivirus closely related to Saint Louis encephalitis virus, found in Brazil. It can cause febrile illness and, in some cases, severe neurological disease, including encephalitis, in humans.
Sapporo virus
A common cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans, particularly in children and in institutional outbreaks. It is highly contagious and spreads easily through contaminated sources.
Saraca virus
An orthobunyavirus found in mosquitoes and birds in South America. Its potential to cause disease in humans or other animals is not well-established.
SARS-CoV
The virus responsible for the 2003 SARS outbreak. It caused severe respiratory illness and was characterized by a high mortality rate, leading to a global public health crisis.
SARS-CoV-2
The virus causing the COVID-19 pandemic. It led to widespread respiratory illness, with varying severity from mild to critical, significantly impacting global health and economies.
Satellite panicum mosaic virus
A satellite virus that depends on a helper virus (panicum mosaic virus) to replicate. It intensifies disease symptoms in panicum grasses, affecting plant growth and yield.
Satellite tobacco necrosis virus
One of the first recognized satellite viruses. It replicates only in the presence of tobacco necrosis virus, exacerbating symptoms like necrotic lesions on tobacco and other host plants.
Sathuperi virus
An orthobunyavirus found in mosquitoes and humans in South Asia. It is known to cause mild febrile illness in humans, although serious complications are not commonly reported.
Saurian adenovirus
An adenovirus that infects reptiles, particularly lizards and snakes. It can cause a range of symptoms including respiratory distress, gastrointestinal issues, and liver disease in its hosts.
Schmallenberg virus
An emerging arbovirus primarily affecting livestock in Europe. It causes mild disease in adult animals but is notorious for inducing severe birth defects in their offspring, impacting agriculture.
Sciurid gammaherpesvirus 2
A herpesvirus found in squirrels. It generally causes a subclinical infection in its natural host, meaning infected animals show no obvious signs of disease.
Seal adenovirus
An adenovirus that infects seals, leading to respiratory problems like pneumonia and gastrointestinal disturbances. It can contribute to morbidity and mortality in seal populations.
Seal distemper virus
A morbillivirus related to canine distemper virus. It causes a highly contagious and often fatal disease in seals, characterized by respiratory, neurological, and immunosuppressive symptoms.
Seal influenza virus
An influenza A virus strain that primarily infects seals. It can cause respiratory illness and has been implicated in outbreaks leading to mortality in seal colonies.
Seal parapoxvirus
A poxvirus that causes skin lesions in seals. These lesions can be painful and may lead to secondary bacterial infections, affecting the health of infected animals.
Seewis orthohantavirus
A hantavirus primarily found in Eurasian common shrews. It rarely causes disease in humans, and when it does, symptoms are usually mild or subclinical, unlike other severe hantaviruses.
Seletar virus
An orthobunyavirus identified in mosquitoes in Southeast Asia. Little is known about its pathogenicity or whether it causes disease in humans or animals.
Semliki Forest virus
An arbovirus that can cause febrile illness in humans, characterized by joint pain and rash. While typically mild, it has been associated with rare cases of neurological complications.
Senegal virus
An orthobunyavirus found in mosquitoes and rodents in Africa. Its potential to cause disease in humans or other animals is not well-established.
Seoul virus
A widespread hantavirus carried by urban rats. It causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans, characterized by kidney dysfunction and sometimes hemorrhagic manifestations.
Sepik virus
A flavivirus found in Papua New Guinea. It causes a mild febrile illness in humans, similar to dengue fever but generally less severe, without hemorrhagic complications.
Serra do Navio virus
An orthobunyavirus identified in mosquitoes in South America. Its pathogenicity in humans or other animals is not currently well-understood.
Serrano golden mosaic virus
A begomovirus that severely affects pepper plants, causing significant yield losses. It is transmitted by whiteflies and is a major concern for agriculture in affected regions.
Shamonda virus
An orthobunyavirus found in cattle in Africa and Australia. It is known to cause mild febrile illness in livestock, but its impact on humans is not established.
Sheep adenovirus
An adenovirus that infects sheep, primarily affecting young lambs. It causes various clinical signs including pneumonia and enteritis, contributing to economic losses in sheep farming.
Sheep pox virus
A highly contagious and economically devastating disease of sheep and goats. It causes severe systemic illness with characteristic skin lesions, leading to significant mortality and production losses.
Shibuya virus
An orthobunyavirus isolated from mosquitoes in Japan. Little is known about its specific host range or its potential to cause disease in humans or animals.
Shimoni bat virus
A lyssavirus identified in bats in East Africa. While related to rabies virus, its direct threat or known transmission to humans is not clearly established.
Shingleback nidovirus
A novel nidovirus causing a fatal disease in shingleback lizards. It presents as severe respiratory distress and progressive wasting, posing a threat to reptile populations.
Shola virus
An orthonairovirus identified in ticks in Central Asia. Its pathogenicity for humans or animals has not been determined or widely reported.
Shorebird flavivirus 1
A flavivirus found in shorebirds. It is likely maintained in bird populations by mosquitoes and its significance for human health is currently unknown.
Sibine alphabaculovirus
A baculovirus that specifically infects and kills the stinging caterpillar, Sibine stimulea. It is considered a natural biocontrol agent for this pest.
Sigma virus
A rhabdovirus that chronically infects fruit flies, causing them to become paralyzed and die at high temperatures. It is a classic model for studying persistent viral infections.
Silva virus
An orthobunyavirus isolated from mosquitoes in Brazil. Its clinical significance for humans or other animals is currently unknown.
Simian adenovirus
A group of adenoviruses that infect various species of non-human primates. While they can cause disease in their hosts, they are generally not known to cause illness in humans.
Simian foamy virus
A retrovirus naturally infecting various non-human primates. While human infections have been documented, they are usually asymptomatic and do not progress to disease.
Simian hemorrhagic fever virus
A highly pathogenic virus that causes a rapidly fatal hemorrhagic fever in macaques and other non-human primates. It is a significant concern for primate research colonies.
Simian immunodeficiency virus
A group of lentiviruses infecting various non-human primates, causing a disease similar to AIDS. It is crucial for understanding HIV evolution and pathogenesis.
Simian parainfluenza virus
A group of viruses that commonly infect non-human primates, causing respiratory disease. Some strains, like SV5, can infect humans but usually cause asymptomatic or very mild respiratory symptoms.
Simian T-lymphotropic virus
A retrovirus found in non-human primates that can cause leukemia and lymphoma. It is closely related to the human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs), important for comparative retrovirology.
Simian varicella virus
A herpesvirus that causes a chickenpox-like disease in monkeys. It is a valuable model for studying human varicella-zoster virus infection and vaccine development.
Simian virus 5
A paramyxovirus commonly found in monkeys. It can infect humans, but these infections are generally asymptomatic and are used as a research tool for paramyxovirus studies.
Simian virus 40
A polyomavirus naturally infecting rhesus monkeys, usually without symptoms. It was controversially found as a contaminant in early polio vaccines and is a research interest due to its oncogenic potential in vitro.
Sin Nombre orthohantavirus
The primary cause of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) in North America. It is a severe, often fatal, respiratory illness transmitted to humans through inhalation of aerosolized rodent droppings.
Sindbis virus
A widely distributed arbovirus found across Europe, Africa, Asia, and Oceania. It causes a mild febrile illness in humans characterized by rash and joint pain, rarely leading to severe complications.
Singapore grouper iridovirus
A highly pathogenic virus affecting farmed fish, especially groupers. It causes severe organ damage and leads to significant mortality, posing a major threat to the aquaculture industry.
Sirione virus
An orthobunyavirus isolated from mosquitoes in Brazil. Its pathogenicity for humans or other animals is not currently understood.
Sisquoc virus
A hantavirus identified in ornate shrews in North America. While it is a hantavirus, its ability to cause disease in humans is not currently known or well-documented.
Sitaford virus
An orthobunyavirus isolated from mosquitoes in South America. Its clinical significance for humans or other animals is currently unknown.
Sitke-sitke virus
An orthobunyavirus isolated from mosquitoes in Malaysia. Its pathogenicity for humans or other animals is not currently understood.
Skunk adenovirus
An adenovirus that infects skunks, leading to respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. It contributes to disease within skunk populations.
Skunk poxvirus
A poxvirus that infects skunks, causing characteristic skin lesions. It is generally specific to its skunk hosts and not known to infect humans.
Snake adenovirus
An adenovirus that infects snakes, leading to a range of symptoms including respiratory distress and liver damage. It is a common pathogen in captive snake populations.
Snakehead rhabdovirus
A rhabdovirus that causes a highly contagious and often fatal hemorrhagic disease in snakehead fish, impacting aquaculture. It leads to internal bleeding and organ damage.
Snowshoe hare virus
An orthobunyavirus found in North America. It can cause a mild febrile illness in humans, occasionally leading to more severe neurological complications like encephalitis.
Socorro virus
An orthobunyavirus isolated from mosquitoes and rodents in South America. Its clinical significance for humans or other animals is not well-established.
Sodankyla virus
An orthobunyavirus isolated from mosquitoes in Finland. Little is known about its specific host range or its potential to cause disease in humans or animals.
Sofi virus
An orthobunyavirus isolated from mosquitoes in Bulgaria. Its pathogenicity for humans or other animals is not currently understood.
Soldado virus
An orthonairovirus associated with seabirds and ticks. While human antibodies have been detected, clinical disease is not well characterized or commonly reported.
Solenopsis invicta virus
A virus that infects the red imported fire ant, a major pest. It causes disease in ant colonies, reducing their health and reproductive success, making it a potential biocontrol agent.
Sonchus virus
A plant virus that primarily infects Sonchus plants. It causes symptoms like yellowing and stunting, affecting plant growth and potentially impacting agricultural crops.
Sonchus yellow net virus
A rhabdovirus that infects a wide range of plants, including important crops. It causes distinctive yellowing patterns on leaves and can lead to significant yield reductions.
Sororoca virus
An orthobunyavirus isolated from mosquitoes in Brazil. Its clinical significance for humans or other animals is currently unknown.
Souris virus
An orthobunyavirus isolated from mosquitoes in France. Its pathogenicity for humans or other animals is not currently understood.
Southern bean mosaic virus
A plant virus that infects bean plants, causing characteristic mosaic symptoms on leaves. It can significantly reduce crop yields and is spread through various means.
Southern tomato virus
A plant virus that infects tomatoes, causing mild leaf symptoms. It is part of the tobamovirus group, known for their stability and ease of mechanical transmission.
Soybean chlorotic mottle virus
A plant virus that affects soybeans, leading to significant chlorosis and stunting, impacting crop yields. It is transmitted by aphids and is an economic concern in soybean cultivation.
Soybean crinkle leaf virus
A begomovirus that infects soybean plants, causing severe leaf deformities and stunted growth. It is transmitted by whiteflies and can lead to considerable crop losses.
Soybean dwarf virus
A plant virus that significantly impacts soybean production. It causes characteristic dwarfism and yellowing, reducing plant vigor and yield, and is transmitted by aphids.
Soybean mosaic virus
One of the most economically important viruses affecting soybeans worldwide. It causes mosaic symptoms on leaves, reduces seed quality, and can lead to significant yield losses.
Sphenodon punctatus rhadinovirus 1
A herpesvirus found in tuatara, a reptile endemic to New Zealand. It typically causes asymptomatic infection in these ancient reptiles and is a subject of evolutionary virology research.
Spissistilus festinus virus 1
A virus that infects the three-cornered alfalfa hopper, an insect pest. It causes paralysis and can lead to the death of the insect, making it a potential biocontrol agent.
Spitz virus
An orthobunyavirus isolated from mosquitoes in Central Africa. Its pathogenicity for humans or other animals is not currently understood.
Spondweni virus
An arbovirus from Africa, closely related to Zika virus. It causes a febrile illness in humans, typically milder than Zika, characterized by fever, headache, and joint pain.
Spring viraemia of carp virus
A highly contagious and often fatal disease of carp and other freshwater fish. It causes severe internal bleeding and organ damage, leading to significant losses in aquaculture.
Spruce budworm virus
A baculovirus that specifically infects and kills spruce budworm larvae, a major forest pest. It is used as a biological pesticide to control outbreaks of this destructive insect.
Squash leaf curl virus
A begomovirus that severely affects squash and other cucurbit crops. It leads to significant yield losses and is transmitted efficiently by whiteflies.
Squash mosaic virus
A common plant virus infecting cucurbits. It causes distinctive mosaic patterns on leaves and can lead to malformed fruits, impacting crop quality and yield.
Squirrel fibroma virus
A poxvirus that induces benign fibrous tumors on the skin of squirrels. While generally not life-threatening, these lesions can affect the animal’s mobility or vision.
Squirrelpox virus
A poxvirus primarily affecting red squirrels, leading to fatal disease in many cases. It causes extensive skin lesions and is a major threat to red squirrel populations in parts of Europe.
Sri Lankan passion fruit mottle virus
A plant virus that infects passion fruit, causing characteristic mottling and deformation of leaves. It can significantly reduce fruit quality and yield, impacting growers.
Stanleyville virus
An orthobunyavirus isolated from mosquitoes in Central Africa. Its pathogenicity for humans or other animals is not currently understood.
Staphylococcus phage
Bacteriophages that specifically infect and kill Staphylococcus bacteria. They are important tools in microbiology research and have potential applications in phage therapy against bacterial infections.
Staphylococcus phage Twort
A well-studied bacteriophage known for its ability to infect and lyse Staphylococcus aureus. It is a significant model in phage biology and a candidate for combating antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
Stoke’s Canyon virus
An orthobunyavirus isolated from mosquitoes and rodents in North America. Its clinical significance for humans or other animals is not well-established.
Stratford virus
A flavivirus found in Australia, related to Dengue and West Nile viruses. It typically causes mild or asymptomatic infection in humans, characterized by fever and joint pain if symptoms occur.
Strawberry crinkle virus
A rhabdovirus that significantly impacts strawberry production worldwide. It causes severe leaf deformities and reduced fruit quality, leading to substantial crop losses.
Strawberry latent ringspot virus
A nepovirus with a wide host range, including strawberries, fruit trees, and ornamentals. It causes various symptoms like ringspots and stunting, affecting plant health and yield.
Strawberry mild yellow edge virus
A common virus affecting strawberry plants globally. It causes subtle yellowing and contributes to a decline in plant vigor and yield, often in complex with other viruses.
Strawberry mottle virus
A prevalent virus in strawberry fields, causing mottled leaf symptoms and general plant decline. It is often found co-infecting with other strawberry viruses, exacerbating disease.
Strawberry vein banding virus
A common virus of strawberries, characterized by clear or yellowish banding along leaf veins. While often asymptomatic, it can contribute to overall plant decline, especially in mixed infections.
Streamwood virus
An orthobunyavirus isolated from mosquitoes in the United States. Its pathogenicity for humans or other animals is not currently understood.
Striped bass rhabdovirus
A rhabdovirus that causes a severe hemorrhagic disease in striped bass, particularly in aquaculture settings. It can lead to high mortality rates in affected fish populations.
Striped jack nervous necrosis virus
A highly pathogenic virus affecting a wide range of marine fish species, especially young ones. It causes neurological damage, leading to abnormal behavior and mass mortality in aquaculture.
Sudan ebolavirus
One of the species of Ebola virus that causes severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans. It has been responsible for significant outbreaks in Africa, marked by high mortality rates.
Sugarcane bacilliform virus
A badnavirus that infects sugarcane, causing characteristic bacilliform-shaped particles and symptoms like chlorotic streaking. It can impact sugarcane yield and quality.
Sugarcane mosaic virus
A major pathogen of sugarcane globally. It causes distinct mosaic patterns on leaves and can lead to significant yield losses, impacting sugar production.
Sugarcane streak virus
A mastrevirus that causes significant disease in sugarcane, characterized by fine chlorotic streaks on leaves. It is transmitted by leafhoppers and can lead to reduced yields.
Sugarcane yellow leaf virus
A polerovirus that infects sugarcane, leading to characteristic yellowing of older leaves and a reduction in yield. It is a significant concern for sugarcane cultivation.
Suiattle River virus
An orthonairovirus identified in ticks in North America. Its pathogenicity for humans or animals has not been determined or widely reported.
Suid alphaherpesvirus 1
A highly contagious herpesvirus affecting pigs globally, causing Aujeszky’s disease. It can lead to neurological symptoms, respiratory distress, and reproductive failure, impacting the swine industry.
Suid betaherpesvirus 2
A betaherpesvirus that causes inclusion body rhinitis in piglets, a mild upper respiratory disease. It is widespread in swine herds but rarely causes severe illness.
Suid gammaherpesvirus 3
A gammaherpesvirus found in pigs. It typically causes subclinical infections, meaning infected pigs do not show obvious signs of disease.
Suid gammaherpesvirus 4
Another gammaherpesvirus identified in pigs. Similar to Suid gammaherpesvirus 3, it usually causes asymptomatic infections in its host.
Suipoxvirus
A poxvirus that causes a mild skin disease in pigs, characterized by circular lesions. While generally not fatal, it can affect skin quality and is a concern for swine producers.
Sunflower chlorotic mottle virus
A badnavirus that infects sunflowers, leading to characteristic chlorotic mottling and reduced growth. It can significantly impact sunflower yield and oil production.
Sunflower mild mosaic virus
A plant virus that causes mild mosaic symptoms on sunflower leaves. While generally less severe than other sunflower viruses, it can still affect plant health.
Sunflower mosaic virus
A potyvirus that infects sunflowers, leading to distinctive mosaic symptoms and stunted growth. It can significantly reduce sunflower yields, impacting agricultural output.
Sunflower necrosis virus
A plant virus that causes severe disease in sunflowers, including necrotic lesions and wilting, which can lead to plant death. It is a significant threat to sunflower crops.
Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus
A crinivirus that causes significant disease in sweet potatoes, especially in mixed infections with other viruses. It leads to severe stunting and chlorosis, impacting yields.
Sweet potato feathery mottle virus
One of the most widespread viruses affecting sweet potato. It causes characteristic feathery patterns on leaves and can reduce yield, especially in complex with other viruses.
Sweet potato mild mottle virus
An ipomovirus that infects sweet potato, leading to mild mottling and stunting. It is a significant factor in sweet potato viral disease complexes, impacting crop productivity.
Swine adenovirus
A group of adenoviruses that infect swine, leading to symptoms like diarrhea and respiratory distress, especially in young pigs, contributing to herd health challenges.
Swine hepatitis E virus
A strain of hepatitis E virus found in pigs. It is a zoonotic pathogen, meaning it can be transmitted to humans through contaminated food, particularly undercooked pork, causing hepatitis.
Swine influenza virus
Influenza A virus strains that circulate in pig populations. They can cause respiratory disease in pigs and have the potential to transmit to humans, causing flu-like symptoms.
Swinepox virus
A poxvirus that causes a mild but widespread skin disease in pigs. It results in characteristic circular lesions but is generally not fatal, although it impacts skin quality.
Swine vesicular disease virus
A highly contagious enterovirus affecting pigs. It causes vesicular lesions, making it clinically indistinguishable from Foot-and-Mouth Disease, leading to trade restrictions.
Swiss bat lyssavirus
A lyssavirus found in bats in Switzerland. It is pathogenic for humans, causing a fatal rabies-like encephalitic disease following bites from infected bats, although human cases are rare.
Syncerus caffer rhadinovirus 1
A gammaherpesvirus found in African buffalo. It typically causes a lifelong, asymptomatic infection in these animals and is a subject of research for understanding viral evolution.