Here you’ll find 43 Diseases that start with N that begin with N, organized from “Narcolepsy” to “Nutritional anemia”. Many entries are neurological, neoplastic or nutritional, and the list suits quick lookups or deeper study.
Diseases that start with N are medical conditions whose names begin with the letter N. A notable example is “Narcolepsy”, a sleep disorder that illustrates how a single name can indicate a clear clinical syndrome.
Below you’ll find the table with Name, Symptoms, Causes and Treatments.
Name: The official disease name as used in clinical references; you use it to locate and identify each condition quickly.
Symptoms: Short list of 2–4 key signs or complaints so you can recognize typical presentations at a glance.
Causes: Primary causes and main risk factors summarized in a line, helping you understand likely origins and mechanisms.
Treatments: First-line therapies, common management steps and referral advice so you know typical care options and next steps.
Diseases that start with N
| Name | Synonyms & Codes | Main symptoms | Typical treatments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Narcolepsy | Excessive daytime sleepiness disorder, G47.4 | Daytime sleepiness, sudden muscle weakness, sleep attacks | Stimulant/amphetamines, sleep hygiene, sleep specialist referral |
| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | NPC, C11 | Nasal blockage, nosebleeds, neck mass | Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, ENT referral |
| Nasal polyp | Nasal polyposis, J33 | Nasal blockage, reduced smell, runny nose | Nasal steroids, surgery if needed, ENT referral |
| Nasopharyngitis (common cold) | Acute upper respiratory infection, J00 | Runny nose, sore throat, cough | Rest, fluids, symptom relief, primary care advice |
| Necrotizing fasciitis | Flesh-eating disease, M72.6 | Severe pain, fever, swollen skin, rapid deterioration | Emergency surgery, IV antibiotics, critical care referral |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | NEC, P77 | Feeding intolerance, abdominal distension, bloody stools | NICU care, bowel rest, IV antibiotics, surgery if perforation |
| Necrotizing pancreatitis | Severe acute pancreatitis with necrosis | Severe abdominal pain, fever, shock | ICU support, fluids, surgery/intervention if infected |
| Neonatal sepsis | Newborn bloodstream infection, P36 | Poor feeding, fever or low temp, lethargy | IV antibiotics, NICU care, pediatrics referral |
| Neonatal jaundice | Physiologic jaundice, P59 | Yellow skin/eyes, poor feeding, lethargy | Phototherapy, hydration, pediatric follow-up |
| Neonatal abstinence syndrome | NAS, P96.1 | Tremors, irritability, feeding trouble | Supportive care, opioid taper, pediatric/addiction referral |
| Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome | NRDS, P22.0 | Rapid breathing, grunting, low oxygen | Surfactant, respiratory support, NICU care |
| Neural tube defect | Spina bifida, anencephaly, Q00-Q05 | Abnormal spine/skull, neurologic deficits | Fetal surgery/prenatal care, surgical repair, neurosurgery referral |
| Neuroblastoma | Childhood adrenal tumor | Abdominal mass, bone pain, weight loss | Surgery, chemo, oncology referral |
| Neurocysticercosis | Brain cysts from tapeworm, B69 | Seizures, headaches, focal deficits | Anti-parasitic meds, anti-seizure drugs, neurology referral |
| Neurofibromatosis | NF1/NF2, Q85.0 | Skin bumps, nerve tumors, learning issues | Regular monitoring, surgery for problematic tumors, genetics referral |
| Neurosyphilis | CNS syphilis, A52 | Confusion, vision problems, weakness | IV penicillin, infectious disease referral |
| Neuromyelitis optica | NMO (Devic disease), G36.0 | Optic neuritis, spinal cord weakness | Immunotherapy, acute steroids, neurology referral |
| Nephrolithiasis | Kidney stones, N20 | Severe flank pain, blood in urine, nausea | Pain control, hydration, urology referral for removal |
| Nephrotic syndrome | Protein-losing kidney, N04 | Heavy leg swelling, proteinuria, fatigue | Steroids/diuretics, blood pressure control, nephrology referral |
| Nephritis | Glomerulonephritis, N00-N08 | Blood/protein in urine, swelling, hypertension | Blood pressure control, steroids, nephrology referral |
| Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection | NTM infection, A31 | Chronic cough, fever, weight loss | Long-course antibiotics, pulmonology/infectious disease referral |
| Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | NAFLD, K76.0 | Fatigue, mild liver enzyme elevation, often asymptomatic | Weight loss, control diabetes, hepatology referral |
| Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis | NASH | Fatigue, elevated liver tests, may be asymptomatic | Weight loss, treat metabolic risks, hepatology referral |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | NHL, C82-C85 | Painless lymph node swelling, fever, weight loss | Chemotherapy/immunotherapy, oncology referral |
| Non-small cell lung cancer | NSCLC, C34 | Persistent cough, weight loss, breathlessness | Surgery/chemo/targeted therapy, oncology referral |
| Normal pressure hydrocephalus | NPH, G91.2 | Gait difficulty, dementia, urinary urgency | Ventricular shunt surgery, neurosurgery referral |
| Norovirus infection | Viral gastroenteritis, A08.1 | Vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps | Rehydration, supportive care, infection control |
| Nocardiosis | Nocardia infection | Cough, lung nodules, skin abscesses | Long-course antibiotics, infectious disease referral |
| Noma (cancrum oris) | Cancrum oris | Rapid facial tissue destruction, fever, malnutrition | Emergency antibiotics, surgical reconstruction, nutritional rehab |
| Nodular melanoma | Nodular type melanoma, C43 | Rapidly growing dark skin lump, bleeding | Surgical excision, dermatology/oncology referral |
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome | NMS, G21.0 | High fever, rigidity, altered mental state | Stop causative drug, ICU care, supportive therapy |
| Neonatal hypoglycemia | Low newborn blood sugar | Jitteriness, poor feeding, lethargy | Feedings/IV glucose, neonatal care referral |
| Neonatal lupus | Congenital lupus effects | Skin rash, low blood counts, heart block | Cardiology/rheumatology follow-up, supportive care |
| Nelson syndrome | Post-adrenalectomy pituitary tumor | ACTH excess, skin darkening, pituitary mass | Pituitary surgery/radiotherapy, endocrinology referral |
| Netherton syndrome | Congenital ichthyosis variant | Red scaly skin, hair abnormalities, infections | Skin care, infection control, dermatology/genetics referral |
| Necrobiosis lipoidica | Skin disorder often with diabetes, L98.2 | Yellowish shin plaques, pain, ulceration | Manage diabetes, topical steroids, dermatology referral |
| Naxos disease | Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with keratoderma | Palpitations, fainting, thickened palms/soles | Cardiac evaluation, arrhythmia management, cardiology referral |
| Night terrors | Sleep terror disorder, F51.3 | Sudden screaming, confusion, unresponsiveness during sleep | Safety measures, sleep hygiene, sleep clinic referral |
| Night blindness | Nyctalopia | Poor vision in dim light, difficulty driving at night | Treat underlying deficiency, ophthalmology referral |
| Nutritional anemia | Dietary deficiency anemia, D50-D53 | Fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath | Iron/vitamin supplements, diet improvement, primary care |
| Non-immune hydrops fetalis | NIHF | Severe fetal swelling, polyhydramnios | Fetal medicine assessment, treat underlying cause |
| Neonatal conjunctivitis | Ophthalmia neonatorum | Red eye, discharge in newborn | Topical/systemic antibiotics, pediatric ophthalmology |
| Neonatal tetanus | Tetanus neonatorum | Poor feeding, spasms, difficulty breathing | Supportive ICU care, antibiotics, immunoglobulin |
Descriptions
Narcolepsy
Chronic sleep disorder caused by abnormal REM regulation; causes unpredictable sleep episodes and cataplexy, often lifelong but manageable with meds and lifestyle changes.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Cancer of the upper throat behind the nose often linked to Epstein–Barr virus; can be aggressive but often treatable with radiation and chemo.
Nasal polyp
Benign mucosal growths in the nose often from chronic inflammation or allergy; can recur but usually improve with steroids or removal.
Nasopharyngitis (common cold)
Viral infection of nose and throat; mild and self-limiting over days to two weeks in most people.
Necrotizing fasciitis
Rapidly spreading soft tissue infection causing tissue death; medical emergency with high risk without prompt surgery and antibiotics.
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Serious intestinal infection in premature infants causing inflammation and tissue death; can be life‑threatening in newborns.
Necrotizing pancreatitis
Severe form of pancreatitis where pancreatic tissue dies; can cause organ failure and requires intensive care.
Neonatal sepsis
Bacterial infection in newborns; can be rapidly fatal if untreated but treatable with prompt antibiotics.
Neonatal jaundice
Common newborn bilirubin elevation; usually harmless if monitored, but severe cases risk brain injury without treatment.
Neonatal abstinence syndrome
Withdrawal in newborns exposed to maternal drugs in pregnancy; symptoms vary and often require specialized care.
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Lung immaturity in preterm infants causing breathing failure; treated in NICU with surfactant and ventilatory support.
Neural tube defect
Birth defects from incomplete neural tube closure during early pregnancy; severity ranges from treatable to life-limiting.
Neuroblastoma
Cancer of nerve‑cell precursors mainly in infants and young children; prognosis varies by stage and biology.
Neurocysticercosis
Parasitic infection of the brain by pork tapeworm larvae; common cause of adult seizures in endemic areas but treatable.
Neurofibromatosis
Inherited disorder causing nerve‑sheath tumors and other complications; varies from mild skin findings to serious tumors.
Neurosyphilis
Late-stage syphilis affecting the nervous system; treatable with antibiotics but may cause lasting damage if delayed.
Neuromyelitis optica
Autoimmune inflammatory disease targeting optic nerves and spinal cord; can cause relapsing blindness and paralysis without immune therapy.
Nephrolithiasis
Mineral stones form in kidneys causing severe pain; many pass spontaneously, some need procedures.
Nephrotic syndrome
Kidney disorder causing massive protein loss and swelling; can be chronic and increases infection/clotting risk.
Nephritis
Inflammation of kidney filters often from immune causes or infection; ranges from mild to rapidly progressive renal failure.
Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection
Environmental mycobacteria causing lung or skin disease, especially in immunocompromised people; requires prolonged multi-drug therapy.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Excess fat in liver not due to alcohol; common and usually mild but can progress to scarring.
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Progressive form of fatty liver with inflammation and scarring; can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure.
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Diverse group of lymphatic cancers with variable prognosis; many types are treatable and sometimes curable.
Non-small cell lung cancer
Most common lung cancer group; treatment depends on stage and molecular markers.
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Ventricular fluid buildup causing walking problems and memory loss; symptoms can improve after shunt placement.
Norovirus infection
Highly contagious cause of acute gastroenteritis common in outbreaks; usually self‑limited but can dehydrate vulnerable people.
Nocardiosis
Bacterial infection from soil organisms causing lung, skin or brain disease especially in immunocompromised patients.
Noma (cancrum oris)
Severe gangrenous infection of the mouth and face in malnourished children; preventable with nutrition and early care.
Nodular melanoma
Aggressive melanoma subtype that grows quickly downward; early removal improves outcomes.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Rare, life-threatening reaction to antipsychotics causing muscle rigidity and fever; requires urgent hospital treatment.
Neonatal hypoglycemia
Common in newborns of diabetic mothers or preterm infants; usually reversible but severe prolonged low sugar risks brain injury.
Neonatal lupus
Transient autoimmune condition in infants of mothers with certain antibodies; can cause serious heart block in some babies.
Nelson syndrome
Rare growth of pituitary tumor after bilateral adrenal removal for Cushing’s disease; may need surgery or radiotherapy.
Netherton syndrome
Rare inherited skin disorder causing fragile skin and hair abnormalities, increased infection risk.
Necrobiosis lipoidica
Chronic skin condition producing shin plaques, often associated with diabetes; may be persistent and ulcerate.
Naxos disease
Rare inherited heart muscle disease with skin and hair findings; can cause life‑threatening arrhythmias.
Night terrors
Parasomnia seen in children and some adults causing abrupt terrified episodes during non‑REM sleep; usually resolves with age.
Night blindness
Difficulty seeing in low light often due to vitamin A deficiency or retinal disease; some causes reversible with treatment.
Nutritional anemia
Anemia due to inadequate nutrients like iron or B12; common worldwide and often treatable with supplements and diet changes.
Non-immune hydrops fetalis
Fetal condition with abnormal fluid accumulation not due to maternal antibodies; can be life-threatening and needs specialist care.
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Eye infection in newborns from bacteria or chlamydia; early treatment prevents vision damage.
Neonatal tetanus
Severe infection of newborns often from unclean birth practices; preventable by maternal vaccination and sterile delivery.