This list includes 13 Diseases that start with X, from “X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy” to “Xiphoidalgia”. These entries are recognized human conditions, often genetic or anatomical, useful for quick clinical or study reference.
Diseases that start with X are medical conditions whose accepted names begin with the letter X. One notable example is X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, which gained wider awareness through the film “Lorenzo’s Oil”.
Below you’ll find the table with Disease, Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and Notes/Sources.
Disease: The official disorder name and common synonyms so you can identify and cross-reference the condition quickly.
Symptoms: Key signs and typical complaints in two to four items so you can spot main clinical features.
Causes: Primary causes plus top risk factors or brief pathophysiology to explain why the disease occurs.
Treatments: First-line therapies and typical management options, noting when specialist referral is commonly needed.
Notes/Sources: Concise context, prevalence notes, and links to clinical guidelines, reviewer status, or the internal A–Z index for further reading.
Diseases that start with X
| Disease | ICD code(s) | Key symptoms | Typical treatments |
|---|---|---|---|
| X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy | E71.52; 8C91.01 | Behavioral changes, vision loss, progressive neurological decline | Steroid replacement, stem cell transplant in early stages, supportive care |
| X-linked Agammaglobulinemia | D80.0; 4A00.0 | Recurrent bacterial infections, low B-cells, very low antibodies | Lifelong immunoglobulin replacement therapy, antibiotics for active infections |
| X-linked Ichthyosis | Q80.1; EC30.1 | Dry scaly skin, dark scales on neck and trunk, corneal opacities | Moisturizers with urea/AHA, topical retinoids, regular bathing to soften scales |
| X-linked Lymphoproliferative Disease | D82.3; 4A01.Y | Severe reaction to EBV, fever, enlarged spleen, high lymphoma risk | Stem cell transplantation is the only cure; supportive care for symptoms |
| X-linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) | D81.0; 4A00.10 | Severe infections in infancy, failure to thrive, persistent thrush | Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (bone marrow transplant), gene therapy |
| Xanthelasma | H02.6 | Yellowish plaques on or around eyelids, soft texture | Address high cholesterol, cosmetic removal (laser, surgery, chemical peels) |
| Xanthinuria, Hereditary | E79.8; 5C64.3 | Kidney stones, urinary tract infections, blood in urine | High fluid intake, low-purine diet, medication (allopurinol) in some types |
| Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis | N11.1 | Flank pain, fever, recurrent UTIs, kidney mass | Antibiotics followed by surgical removal of the affected kidney (nephrectomy) |
| Xanthomatosis | E75.5 | Yellow skin nodules (xanthomas), high cholesterol, tendon deposits | Treat underlying cause (e.g., statins for cholesterol), diet modification |
| Xenophobia | F40.2; 6B03 | Irrational fear of strangers, severe anxiety, avoidance behavior | Psychotherapy (CBT, exposure therapy), sometimes anxiety medication |
| Xeroderma Pigmentosum | Q82.1; EC20 | Extreme sun sensitivity, severe sunburns, high skin cancer risk | Strict sun avoidance, protective clothing, regular skin cancer screenings |
| Xerophthalmia | E50.7 | Dry eyes, night blindness, corneal ulcers, Bitot’s spots | High-dose Vitamin A supplementation, lubricating eye drops, dietary changes |
| Xiphoidalgia | M54.89 | Pain at bottom of sternum, tenderness, pain worsened by bending | Reassurance, anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), local anesthetic injections |
Descriptions
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
A serious genetic disorder damaging the myelin sheath of nerve cells in the brain and impairing the adrenal glands, primarily affecting boys and men.
X-linked Agammaglobulinemia
An inherited immunodeficiency affecting males, where the body cannot make B-cells and antibodies, leading to severe, recurrent bacterial infections.
X-linked Ichthyosis
An inherited skin condition affecting males, caused by an enzyme deficiency. It results in the buildup of distinctive dry, dark, fish-like scales on the skin.
X-linked Lymphoproliferative Disease
A rare immunodeficiency where the immune system responds abnormally to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), leading to uncontrolled and often fatal immune cell proliferation.
X-linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)
The most common form of “bubble boy” disease, a genetic disorder causing profound immune system defects, leaving infants highly vulnerable to life-threatening infections.
Xanthelasma
A harmless but common condition involving yellowish cholesterol deposits on the eyelids. It can sometimes be a sign of underlying high blood cholesterol.
Xanthinuria, Hereditary
A rare inherited metabolic disorder causing high levels of xanthine in the urine, which can lead to painful kidney stones and potential kidney damage.
Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis
A rare and severe form of chronic bacterial kidney infection that results in the destruction of kidney tissue, often mimicking kidney cancer on scans.
Xanthomatosis
A condition where fats build up in nodules under the skin, called xanthomas. It is a sign of an underlying metabolic problem, usually very high blood lipids.
Xenophobia
A specific phobia involving an intense, irrational fear or dislike of people perceived as foreign or strange. It’s a recognized anxiety disorder causing significant distress.
Xeroderma Pigmentosum
A rare genetic disorder that impairs the body’s ability to repair DNA damage from UV light, leading to extreme sun sensitivity and a very high cancer risk.
Xerophthalmia
A progressive eye disease caused by severe vitamin A deficiency. It begins with dry eyes and night blindness and can lead to permanent blindness if not treated.
Xiphoidalgia
A musculoskeletal syndrome causing pain and tenderness in the xiphoid process, the small cartilage at the bottom of the breastbone. It is benign but can mimic chest pain.