Here you’ll find 26 Viruses that start with T that begin with T, organized from “Tacaribe virus” to “Tupanvirus”. The list mixes human pathogens, zoonotic agents, and large environmental viruses important to research and surveillance.
Viruses that start with T are viruses whose names begin with the letter T and span many families. Notably, Tupanvirus attracted attention as one of the largest known viral particles when discovered in 2018.
Below you’ll find the table with Classification, Affects humans?, Symptoms, and Transmission method.
Classification: Shows the virus family, genus, and species so you can judge relatedness and likely behavior.
Affects humans?: Tells you whether the virus infects people, with a short qualifier like “zoonotic” or “opportunistic”.
Symptoms: Lists common clinical features in five to ten words, helping you recognize typical presentations quickly.
Transmission method: Summarizes how the virus spreads, so you can assess risk and common prevention approaches.
Viruses that start with T
| Name | Classification | Affects humans? | Transmission |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tick-borne encephalitis virus | Flaviviridae / Flavivirus / Tick-borne encephalitis virus | Yes — zoonotic | Tick bite, rarely unpasteurized dairy |
| Toscana virus | Phenuiviridae / Phlebovirus / Toscana phlebovirus | Yes — primary human pathogen | Sandfly-borne (vector-borne) |
| Tanapox virus | Poxviridae / Yatapoxvirus / Tanapox virus | Yes — zoonotic | Contact with lesions, possible insect involvement |
| Trichodysplasia spinulosa polyomavirus (TSPyV) | Polyomaviridae / Alphapolyomavirus / Trichodysplasia spinulosa polyomavirus | Yes — opportunistic | Likely contact, unknown routes |
| Torque teno virus (TTV) | Anelloviridae / Alphatorquevirus / Torque teno virus | Yes — ubiquitous, unclear | Bloodborne, respiratory, fecal–oral possible |
| Torque teno mini virus (TTMV) | Anelloviridae / Gammatorquevirus / Torque teno mini virus | Yes — ubiquitous, unclear | Bloodborne, respiratory, fecal–oral possible |
| Torque teno midi virus (TTMDV) | Anelloviridae / Betatorquevirus / Torque teno midi virus | Yes — ubiquitous, unclear | Bloodborne and other routes possible |
| Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) | Virgaviridae / Tobamovirus / Tobacco mosaic virus | No — plant pathogen | Mechanical plant-to-plant transfer, contaminated tools |
| Tomato mosaic virus | Virgaviridae / Tobamovirus / Tomato mosaic virus | No — plant pathogen | Mechanical transmission among plants |
| Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) | Bunyavirales / Orthotospovirus / Tomato spotted wilt virus | No — plant pathogen | Thrips-borne (vector-borne) |
| Torovirus (Human torovirus / Breda virus) | Tobaniviridae / Torovirus / Human torovirus | Yes — occasional human infection | Fecal–oral |
| Tula virus (Tula hantavirus) | Hantaviridae / Orthohantavirus / Tula orthohantavirus | Yes — zoonotic, rare | Rodent contact, aerosolized excreta |
| Thogoto virus | Orthomyxoviridae / Thogotovirus / Thogoto virus | Yes — zoonotic | Tick-borne |
| Tahyna virus | Peribunyaviridae / Orthobunyavirus / Tahyna orthobunyavirus | Yes — zoonotic | Mosquito-borne |
| Trivittatus virus | Peribunyaviridae / Orthobunyavirus / Trivittatus orthobunyavirus | Yes — zoonotic | Mosquito-borne |
| Tacaribe virus | Arenaviridae / Mammarenavirus / Tacaribe mammarenavirus | No — primarily rodent pathogen (rare human) | Rodent contact, aerosol |
| Teschovirus (Porcine teschovirus) | Picornaviridae / Teschovirus / Porcine teschovirus | No — animal pathogen | Fecal–oral among pigs |
| Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) | Amnoonviridae / Tilapinevirus / Tilapia lake virus | No — fish pathogen | Waterborne fish-to-fish transmission |
| Tulane virus | Caliciviridae / Recovirus / Tulane virus | No — primate enteric virus | Fecal–oral |
| Tupanvirus | Mimiviridae / Tupanvirus / Tupanvirus | No — amoeba-infecting giant virus | Environmental, amoeba host |
| Thottapalayam virus | Hantaviridae / Orthohantavirus / Thottapalayam orthohantavirus | No — shrew-borne | Shrew/rodent contact, potential aerosol |
| Tembusu virus | Flaviviridae / Flavivirus / Tembusu virus | No — bird pathogen | Mosquito-borne (vector-borne) |
| Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (Theiler’s virus) | Picornaviridae / Cardiovirus / Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus | No — rodent pathogen/model | Fecal–oral (rodents) |
| Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) | Coronaviridae / Alphacoronavirus / Transmissible gastroenteritis virus | No — porcine coronavirus | Fecal–oral among pigs |
| Tobacco ringspot virus | Secoviridae / Nepovirus / Tobacco ringspot virus | No — plant pathogen | Seedborne and insect-associated, mechanical |
| Tobacco rattle virus | Virgaviridae / Tobravirus / Tobacco rattle virus | No — plant pathogen | Nematode transmission, mechanical |
Descriptions
Tick-borne encephalitis virus
Causes febrile illness that can progress to meningitis or encephalitis; fever, headache, neurological signs; vaccine available in endemic areas.
Toscana virus
Mediterranean arbovirus causing aseptic meningitis and febrile illness; presents with headache, fever, sometimes meningoencephalitis.
Tanapox virus
Causes localized skin nodules and fever in rural Africa; usually self-limited but notable for characteristic skin lesions.
Trichodysplasia spinulosa polyomavirus (TSPyV)
Occurs in immunocompromised patients causing follicular papules and spiny projections on face and scalp; rare but diagnostic in transplant settings.
Torque teno virus (TTV)
Very common, usually asymptomatic; viral load used as immune-status marker; no clear disease causation in most people.
Torque teno mini virus (TTMV)
Small anellovirus frequently detected in humans; clinical significance unclear, often part of normal virome.
Torque teno midi virus (TTMDV)
Another human anellovirus group; commonly found without clear disease association.
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
Historic first-discovered virus; causes mosaic leaf patterns and crop losses in tobacco and many plants; central to virology history.
Tomato mosaic virus
Common plant virus causing mosaic symptoms and reduced yields in tomatoes; significant in agriculture.
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)
Major plant pathogen causing necrosis, wilting and spotted fruits in many crops; transmitted by thrips, large agricultural impact.
Torovirus (Human torovirus / Breda virus)
Associated with gastroenteritis and diarrhea in children and animals; less well known than other enteric viruses.
Tula virus (Tula hantavirus)
Rodent-borne hantavirus causing rare human infections; can produce febrile illness and hantavirus-related syndromes.
Thogoto virus
Tick-associated orthomyxovirus that can cause febrile illness and rare encephalitis in humans; historically linked to tick exposure.
Tahyna virus
European arbovirus causing febrile illness and occasional meningitis; usually self-limited febrile disease.
Trivittatus virus
North American arbovirus causing febrile illness; human cases are uncommon but documented.
Tacaribe virus
New-world arenavirus primarily in rodents; limited or rare human infections reported, of interest in arenavirus research.
Teschovirus (Porcine teschovirus)
Causes polio-like paralysis and neurological disease in pigs; important in veterinary medicine, not a human pathogen.
Tilapia lake virus (TiLV)
Emerging virus causing high mortality in farmed tilapia; major economic threat to aquaculture.
Tulane virus
Rhesus macaque calicivirus used as a laboratory model for human noroviruses; causes enteric disease in primates.
Tupanvirus
Giant virus with a very large genome discovered in aquatic environments; notable for complexity, not a human pathogen.
Thottapalayam virus
Hantavirus first isolated from shrews in India; human disease association unclear but notable historically.
Tembusu virus
Avian flavivirus causing egg-drop and neurological disease in birds; not established as a human pathogen.
Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (Theiler’s virus)
Mouse virus widely used as a model of viral encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis research; not a human pathogen.
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)
High-mortality coronavirus in piglets causing severe diarrhea; important veterinary coronavirus.
Tobacco ringspot virus
Plant virus affecting many crops, causes ring-shaped leaf symptoms; agricultural significance.
Tobacco rattle virus
Causes mottling and “rattle” symptoms in many plants; spread by soil nematodes and plant handling.