This list includes 10 Viruses that start with R, from “Rabies virus” to “Rustrela virus”. They include well-known human pathogens, zoonoses, and research-model viruses studied for diagnostics and prevention.

Viruses that start with R are a varied set of RNA and DNA viruses, many with zoonotic origins. Notably, “Rabies virus” inspired Louis Pasteur’s pioneering vaccine work in the 1880s.

Below you’ll find the table with Virus, Classification, Affects humans?, Symptoms, and Transmission.

Virus: The virus name helps you quickly identify each entry and locate detailed information about that pathogen.

Classification: Shows the official family and genus so you can see related viruses and expected characteristics.

Affects humans?: Indicates whether the virus infects people, with a short qualifier like “zoonotic” or “opportunistic”.

Symptoms: Lists common clinical presentations in concise terms so you can recognize typical disease patterns.

Transmission: Describes main routes of spread so you can assess risk and likely prevention or control measures.

Viruses that start with R

NameClassification (ICTV: Family/Genus/Species)Affects humans?Transmission (principal method)
Rabies virusRhabdoviridae / Lyssavirus / Rabies lyssavirusYes (zoonotic)Animal bite/saliva
Rubella virusMatonaviridae / Rubivirus / Rubivirus rubellaYes (human-specific)Respiratory droplets
Respiratory syncytial virusPneumoviridae / Orthopneumovirus / Human orthopneumovirusYes (human-specific; infants at high risk)Respiratory droplets/fomites
RhinovirusPicornaviridae / Enterovirus / Rhinovirus A/B/CYes (human-specific)Respiratory droplets/fomites
RotavirusReoviridae / Rotavirus / Rotavirus AYes (human-specific; some zoonotic strains)Fecal–oral
Rift Valley fever virusPhenuiviridae / Phlebovirus / Rift Valley fever phlebovirusYes (zoonotic)Mosquito-borne (also contact with animals)
Ross River virusTogaviridae / Alphavirus / Ross River virusYes (zoonotic)Mosquito-borne
Reovirus (mammalian orthoreovirus)Reoviridae / Orthoreovirus / Mammalian orthoreovirusYes (occasionally; usually mild)Fecal–oral and respiratory
Rous sarcoma virusRetroviridae / Alpharetrovirus / Rous sarcoma virusNo (avian-specific; historically important)Direct contact/vertical transmission in birds
Rustrela virusMatonaviridae / Rubivirus / Rustrela virusNo (no confirmed human cases)Likely mammal-to-mammal spillover (unknown)

Descriptions

Rabies virus
Acute encephalitis—symptoms: fever, headache, weakness, agitation, hydrophobia; almost always fatal once symptomatic. Source: CDC https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/ Last updated: 2026-03-09
Rubella virus
Causes rubella (German measles)—symptoms: fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, joint pain; congenital infection causes severe birth defects. Source: CDC https://www.cdc.gov/rubella/ Last updated: 2026-03-09
Respiratory syncytial virus
Common respiratory infection—symptoms: cough, wheeze, runny nose, fever; can cause severe bronchiolitis in infants. Source: CDC https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/index.html Last updated: 2026-03-09
Rhinovirus
Major cause of common cold—symptoms: runny nose, sore throat, cough, sneezing, congestion; typically mild. Source: CDC https://www.cdc.gov/features/rhinovirus/ Last updated: 2026-03-09
Rotavirus
Leading cause of severe pediatric diarrhea—symptoms: watery diarrhea, vomiting, fever, dehydration; vaccine-preventable. Source: CDC https://www.cdc.gov/rotavirus/ Last updated: 2026-03-09
Rift Valley fever virus
Zoonotic febrile illness—symptoms: fever, headache, muscle pain; can progress to hemorrhagic fever or ocular disease. Source: WHO https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rift-valley-fever Last updated: 2026-03-09
Ross River virus
Causes epidemic polyarthritis—symptoms: joint pain, fatigue, fever, rash; common in Australia and Pacific regions. Source: PubMed review https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12740352/ Last updated: 2026-03-09
Reovirus (mammalian orthoreovirus)
Usually mild respiratory or gastrointestinal infection—symptoms: fever, diarrhea, cough, rash; occasional severe disease in immunocompromised. Source: PubMed review https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23872172/ Last updated: 2026-03-09
Rous sarcoma virus
Oncogenic avian virus causing tumors in chickens; foundational model for cancer biology research. Source: PubMed review https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12110162/ Last updated: 2026-03-09
Rustrela virus
A rubivirus infecting zoo and wild mammals—causes encephalitis in animals; human risk remains uncertain. Source: PubMed https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33082107/ Last updated: 2026-03-09
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