Here you’ll find 29 Viruses that start with E, organized from “Eastern equine encephalitis virus” to “Everglades virus”. These entries cover human pathogens and zoonotic viruses, useful for research, diagnosis, and surveillance.
Viruses that start with E are a varied group of viral species and strains beginning with the letter E. Notably, Eastern equine encephalitis is a rare but severe mosquito-transmitted disease recognized for high mortality in humans.
Below you’ll find the table with Name, Classification, Affects humans?, Common symptoms, and Transmission.
Name: The virus’s common and scientific names so you quickly identify the entry and cross-reference other sources.
Classification: Family and genus (ICTV taxonomy) so you understand related viruses and their broader biological grouping at a glance.
Affects humans?: A simple Yes/No with a short qualifier so you know whether the virus commonly infects people.
Common symptoms: Typical symptoms in five to ten words, helping you recognize clinical presentations without excessive detail.
Transmission: Primary transmission route (for example, mosquito-borne or respiratory) so you assess exposure and prevention contexts quickly.
Viruses that start with E
| Name | Classification (ICTV family/genus/species) | Affects humans? (Yes/No & qualifier) | Transmission method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Epstein-Barr virus | Herpesviridae / Lymphocryptovirus / Human gammaherpesvirus 4 | Yes; common human pathogen | Saliva (oral secretions) |
| Ebola virus | Filoviridae / Ebolavirus / Zaire ebolavirus (Ebola virus) | Yes; zoonotic, high mortality | Contact with body fluids; zoonotic spillover |
| Ebolavirus | Filoviridae / Ebolavirus | Yes; some species zoonotic | Contact with body fluids; zoonotic |
| Eastern equine encephalitis virus | Togaviridae / Alphavirus / Eastern equine encephalitis virus | Yes; zoonotic, severe encephalitis | Mosquito‑borne |
| Enterovirus | Picornaviridae / Enterovirus | Yes; many human pathogens | Fecal–oral; respiratory routes |
| Enterovirus A | Picornaviridae / Enterovirus / Enterovirus A | Yes; human‑infecting species | Fecal–oral; respiratory droplets |
| Enterovirus B | Picornaviridae / Enterovirus / Enterovirus B | Yes; human‑infecting species | Fecal–oral; respiratory droplets |
| Enterovirus C | Picornaviridae / Enterovirus / Enterovirus C | Yes; contains polioviruses | Fecal–oral |
| Enterovirus D | Picornaviridae / Enterovirus / Enterovirus D | Yes; human and animal types | Respiratory; fecal–oral (some) |
| Enterovirus D68 | Picornaviridae / Enterovirus / Enterovirus D (serotype EV‑D68) | Yes; respiratory pathogen | Respiratory droplets, contact |
| Echovirus | Picornaviridae / Enterovirus / Various species | Yes; common human pathogens | Fecal–oral; respiratory |
| Encephalomyocarditis virus | Picornaviridae / Cardiovirus / Encephalomyocarditis virus | No; primarily animal (rodents, pigs) | Fecal–oral; rodent contact |
| Equine arteritis virus | Arteriviridae / Alphaarterivirus / Equine arteritis virus | No; equids only (horses) | Respiratory secretions; venereal |
| Equine infectious anemia virus | Retroviridae / Lentivirus / Equine infectious anemia virus | No; horses (specific) | Bloodborne; biting flies; vertical |
| Equine herpesvirus 1 | Herpesviridae / Varicellovirus / Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 | No; primarily horses | Respiratory droplets; contact; vertical |
| Equine herpesvirus 4 | Herpesviridae / Varicellovirus / Equid alphaherpesvirus 4 | No; primarily horses | Respiratory droplets; contact |
| Everglades virus | Togaviridae / Alphavirus / Everglades virus | Yes; zoonotic (rare human cases) | Mosquito‑borne |
| Ectromelia virus | Poxviridae / Orthopoxvirus / Ectromelia virus | No; rodents (mousepox) | Direct contact; aerosol among rodents |
| Eilat virus | Togaviridae / Alphavirus / Eilat virus | No; insect‑restricted | Mosquito‑specific transmission |
| Erythroparvovirus | Parvoviridae / Erythroparvovirus | Yes; includes human B19 virus | Respiratory droplets; vertical |
| Ephemerovirus | Rhabdoviridae / Ephemerovirus | No; primarily livestock viruses | Biting insect vectors (midges) |
| Erbovirus | Picornaviridae / Erbovirus | No; mainly equine viruses | Respiratory; fecal–oral |
| Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus | Reoviridae / Orbivirus / Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus | No; ruminants (deer) | Midge‑borne (Culicoides) |
| Enzootic nasal tumor virus | Retroviridae / Betaretrovirus / Enzootic nasal tumor virus | No; sheep and goats | Direct contact, secretions |
| European bat lyssavirus 1 | Rhabdoviridae / Lyssavirus / European bat lyssavirus 1 | Yes; zoonotic (rare) | Bat bites, saliva contact |
| European bat lyssavirus 2 | Rhabdoviridae / Lyssavirus / European bat lyssavirus 2 | Yes; zoonotic (rare) | Bat bites, saliva contact |
| Equine influenza virus | Orthomyxoviridae / Alphainfluenzavirus / Influenza A (equine strains) | No; horses primarily | Respiratory droplets |
| Equine rhinitis A virus | Picornaviridae / Aphthovirus / Equine rhinitis A virus | No; horses | Respiratory secretions; contact |
| Equine foamy virus | Retroviridae / Spumaretrovirus / Equine foamy virus | No; horses; nonpathogenic | Saliva, close contact |
Descriptions
Epstein-Barr virus
Infects B cells and often causes infectious mononucleosis; linked to some lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinoma; globally widespread with most people infected by adulthood.
Ebola virus
Causes severe hemorrhagic fever with high case‑fatality rates; reservoir likely fruit bats; responsible for major West Africa outbreaks and ongoing public‑health concern.
Ebolavirus
Genus containing Ebola and related viruses; species differ in human pathogenicity and are central to hemorrhagic fever surveillance and response.
Eastern equine encephalitis virus
Rare but often severe mosquito‑transmitted encephalitis affecting humans and horses; high mortality and long‑term neurologic complications reported in outbreaks.
Enterovirus
Large genus that includes polioviruses, coxsackieviruses and others; causes respiratory illness, hand‑foot‑mouth disease, meningitis and paralytic disease.
Enterovirus A
Species including coxsackie A and some enteroviruses; common cause of pediatric illnesses like hand‑foot‑mouth disease and herpangina.
Enterovirus B
Contains echoviruses and coxsackie B viruses; linked to aseptic meningitis, myocarditis and neonatal infections.
Enterovirus C
Species that includes polioviruses and other enteroviruses; historically caused paralytic poliomyelitis before vaccination campaigns.
Enterovirus D
Species that includes EV‑D68 and related types; associated with respiratory disease and occasional neurologic complications.
Enterovirus D68
Respiratory‑predominant enterovirus causing outbreaks of cough and wheeze in children; linked to rare cases of acute flaccid myelitis.
Echovirus
Historic group name for many non‑polio enteroviruses; frequent causes of aseptic meningitis, febrile illness and neonatal disease.
Encephalomyocarditis virus
Causes myocarditis in pigs and rodents; rare human infections reported; commonly used in research on viral myocarditis.
Equine arteritis virus
Causes respiratory disease, abortion and persistent infection in horses; economically important in equine industries worldwide.
Equine infectious anemia virus
Lentivirus of horses causing chronic anemia, fever and wasting; transmitted by blood and vectors; infected animals often lifelong carriers.
Equine herpesvirus 1
Common cause of respiratory disease, abortion and neurologic syndromes in horses; significant for equine health and breeding operations.
Equine herpesvirus 4
Typically causes respiratory disease in foals and adult horses; less systemic than EHV‑1 but a common cause of outbreaks.
Everglades virus
New World alphavirus found in Florida wetlands; cycles between rodents and mosquitoes with occasional human febrile infections.
Ectromelia virus
Orthopoxvirus causing mousepox in laboratory mice; historically important in poxvirus research and animal studies; not a human pathogen.
Eilat virus
Mosquito‑only alphavirus that cannot infect vertebrates; used in virology research and safe vector studies.
Erythroparvovirus
Genus containing human parvovirus B19, which causes erythema infectiosum, aplastic crises and fetal hydrops in pregnancy.
Ephemerovirus
Genus that includes bovine ephemeral fever virus; causes short, febrile illness in cattle with economic impact.
Erbovirus
Genus of picornaviruses affecting horses (equine rhinitis B viruses); limited human relevance.
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus
Causes hemorrhagic disease in wild and domestic ruminants, notably white‑tailed deer; important in wildlife and livestock management.
Enzootic nasal tumor virus
Betaretrovirus that causes contagious nasal tumors in sheep and goats; veterinary significance for flock health.
European bat lyssavirus 1
Rabies‑related virus found in European bats; rare human cases after bat exposure; post‑exposure prophylaxis guidance similar to rabies.
European bat lyssavirus 2
Second lyssavirus circulating in European bats; causes rabies‑like disease in rare human infections; surveillance is important.
Equine influenza virus
Influenza A viruses (notably H3N8) that infect horses, causing highly contagious respiratory disease and seasonal outbreaks in equine populations.
Equine rhinitis A virus
Causes respiratory illness in horses, part of the equine respiratory disease complex; typically mild to moderate disease.
Equine foamy virus
A spumavirus found in horses; generally nonpathogenic and of interest for comparative virology and virus‑host interactions.