A total of 112 scientifically recognized viruses start with the letter C, showcasing a wide variety of types that affect humans, animals, plants, and even insects worldwide. These viruses include everything from common human pathogens like coronaviruses and coxsackieviruses to important plant viruses and mosquito-borne arboviruses. Many of these viruses share patterns of transmission through vectors like mosquitoes or ticks, while others spread directly between hosts. This diversity highlights the global importance of studying viruses beginning with C for health, agriculture, and ecology.
Explore the complete list below to understand the classification, hosts, symptoms, and transmission methods of these viruses.
Virus Name This column lists the official name of each virus, helping you identify and distinguish the virus from others.
Classification Shows the virus family and genus to which each virus belongs, providing insight into its biological classification and related viruses.
Affects Humans? Indicates whether the virus can infect humans, ranging from common infections to rare or no human cases.
Symptoms Summarizes typical illness signs caused by the virus in its primary hosts, focusing on health impacts and severity.
Transmission Method Explains how the virus spreads, such as by respiratory droplets, insect vectors, direct contact, or environmental means.
Descripción Offers a brief description of the virus, its main hosts, and notable features or relevance to humans, animals, or plants.
Viruses that start with C
| Virus Name | Classification | Affects Humans? | Symptoms | Transmission Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cache Valley virus | Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | Yes (rare) | Fever, headache, fatigue; rarely meningitis/encephalitis. | Mosquito-borne |
| Caddo Canyon virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No known human disease | Identified in mosquitos, no known specific symptoms in animals. | Mosquito-borne |
| California encephalitis virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | Yes | Fever, headache, nausea, vomiting; rarely seizures, encephalitis, coma. | Mosquito-borne |
| Calicivirus | Caliciviridae | Yes (e.g., Norovirus) / Varies by genus | Vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramps. | Fecal-oral, contaminated food/water, airborne droplets. |
| Camelpox virus | Poxviridae, Orthopoxvirus | Yes (rare zoonotic transmission) | Fever, malaise, characteristic skin lesions (papules, pustules) similar to smallpox. | Direct contact with infected camels or contaminated materials. |
| Campylobacter phage CP220 | Siphoviridae (Bacteriophage) | No (infects bacteria) | Infects and lyses Campylobacter bacteria; no direct symptoms in host animals/humans. | Transmitted via Campylobacter bacteria; indirectly through food/water. |
| Canarypox virus | Poxviridae, Avipoxvirus | No (but used in vaccines) | Skin lesions, conjunctivitis, respiratory distress in canaries and other birds. | Direct contact, contaminated surfaces, mosquito bites. |
| Canine adenovirus 1 | Adenoviridae, Mastadenovirus | No | Infectious canine hepatitis (fever, lethargy, vomiting, liver failure, blue eye). | Fecal-oral, urine, saliva. |
| Canine adenovirus 2 | Adenoviridae, Mastadenovirus | No | Canine infectious tracheobronchitis (kennel cough), respiratory signs. | Respiratory droplets, direct contact. |
| Canine anellovirus | Anelloviridae, Torque Teno Virus | No known human disease | No clear disease association in dogs; commonly found in healthy animals. | Potentially fecal-oral or vertical. |
| Canine circovirus | Circoviridae, Circovirus | No | Diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, lymphopenia, systemic disease in dogs. | Fecal-oral. |
| Canine coronavirus | Coronaviridae, Alphacoronavirus | No | Mild gastroenteritis (diarrhea, vomiting) in dogs; can be severe in puppies. | Fecal-oral. |
| Canine enteric coronavirus | Coronaviridae, Alphacoronavirus | No | Mild to severe gastroenteritis in dogs, especially puppies, including vomiting and diarrhea. | Fecal-oral. |
| Canine herpesvirus 1 | Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus | No | Fatal hemorrhagic disease in puppies, reproductive issues in adult dogs. | Direct contact (nasal secretions, genital fluids), in utero. |
| Canine minute virus | Parvoviridae, Protoparvovirus | No | Primarily asymptomatic; may contribute to respiratory or enteric disease in dogs. | Suspected fecal-oral or respiratory. |
| Canine respiratory coronavirus | Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus | No | Respiratory signs (cough, nasal discharge) as part of kennel cough complex in dogs. | Respiratory droplets, direct contact. |
| Canine torovirus | Tobaniviridae, Torovirus | No | Mild gastroenteritis, diarrhea, or asymptomatic infection in dogs. | Fecal-oral. |
| Capillovirus | Betaflexiviridae, Capillovirus | No (plant virus) | Causes various symptoms in plants, including mosaic patterns, chlorosis, and stunting. | Plant sap, often mechanically by pruning tools, sometimes aphids or nematodes. |
| Caprine herpesvirus 1 | Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus | No | Respiratory disease, conjunctivitis, abortion, vulvovaginitis in goats. | Direct contact (nasal/ocular secretions, genital fluids). |
| Cardiovirus | Picornaviridae, Cardiovirus | Yes (Theilovirus, Saffold virus) | Neurological disease, myocarditis; often asymptomatic or mild gastrointestinal. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact. |
| Carlavirus | Betaflexiviridae, Carlavirus | No (plant virus) | Mottle, mosaic, streak, and ring spot patterns on leaves; stunting in various plants. | Plant sap, often by aphids in a non-persistent manner. |
| Carnation latent virus | Betaflexiviridae, Carlavirus | No (plant virus) | Often asymptomatic or mild leaf mottling in carnations; can reduce flower quality. | Plant sap, mechanically, often by aphids. |
| Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 | Parvoviridae, Protoparvovirus | No | Severe gastroenteritis, myocarditis, immunosuppression in canids and felids. | Fecal-oral. |
| Caulimovirus | Caulimoviridae, Caulimovirus | No (plant virus) | Causes mosaic, mottling, and stunting in various plants, including cauliflower. | Aphids (non-persistent), mechanical means. |
| Cauliflower mosaic virus | Caulimoviridae, Caulimovirus | No (plant virus) | Distinct mosaic and mottling patterns on leaves, stunted growth in cruciferous plants. | Aphids (non-persistent), mechanical transmission. |
| Chaparral virus | Phenuiviridae, Phlebovirus | Yes (rare) | Febrile illness, flu-like symptoms; rarely encephalitis. | Tick-borne. |
| Chapelton virus | Togaviridae, Alphavirus | No known human disease | Isolated from mosquitoes, no known clinical disease in animals or humans. | Mosquito-borne (isolated from Culex mosquitoes). |
| Charleville virus | Reoviridae, Orbivirus | No known human disease | Isolated from biting midges; no known disease in animals or humans. | Vector-borne (biting midges). |
| Chenuda virus | Reoviridae, Orbivirus | No known human disease | Isolated from ticks and small mammals; no known disease in animals or humans. | Vector-borne (ticks). |
| Chikungunya virus | Togaviridae, Alphavirus | Yes | High fever, severe joint pain (arthralgia), headache, muscle pain, rash. | Mosquito-borne (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus). |
| Chilibre virus | Phenuiviridae, Phlebovirus | Yes (rare) | Febrile illness, flu-like symptoms. | Sandfly-borne. |
| Chobar Gorge virus | Nairoviridae, Orthonairovirus | No known human disease | Isolated from ticks; no known disease in animals or humans. | Tick-borne. |
| Christmas Island virus | Togaviridae, Alphavirus | No known human disease | Isolated from mosquitoes; no known clinical disease in animals or humans. | Mosquito-borne. |
| Citrus leaf rugose virus | Bromoviridae, Ilarvirus | No (plant virus) | Leaf rugosity (wrinkling), mosaic, stunting, reduced fruit quality in citrus trees. | Mechanical (pruning tools), grafting, pollen. |
| Citrus tristeza virus | Closteroviridae, Closterovirus | No (plant virus) | Stem pitting, seedling yellows, decline, death of citrus trees depending on strain. | Aphids (semi-persistent), grafting. |
| Citrus tatter leaf virus | Betaflexiviridae, Capillovirus | No (plant virus) | Tatter leaf or “crinkly leaf” symptoms, reduced vigor in citrus. | Mechanical (pruning tools), grafting. |
| Civet coronavirus | Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus | No (but related to SARS-CoV origins) | Causes respiratory or enteric infections in civet cats; generally mild. | Animal-to-animal contact; historically linked to SARS-CoV zoonosis. |
| Clandestine virus | Rhabdoviridae, Vesiculovirus | No known human disease | Isolated from mosquitos; no known disease in animals or humans. | Mosquito-borne. |
| Clearwater Creek virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No known human disease | Isolated from mosquitoes; no known disease in animals or humans. | Mosquito-borne. |
| Cleon virus | Nairoviridae, Orthonairovirus | No known human disease | Isolated from ticks; no known disease in animals or humans. | Tick-borne. |
| Closterovirus | Closteroviridae, Closterovirus | No (plant virus) | Phloem-limited diseases causing yellowing, reddening, stunting, stem pitting in plants. | Aphids (semi-persistent), mechanical (grafting). |
| Cocal virus | Rhabdoviridae, Vesiculovirus | Yes (rare zoonotic transmission) | Febrile illness, flu-like symptoms; rarely encephalitis. | Mosquito-borne (primarily horses, donkeys); direct contact with infected animals. |
| Coconut foliar decay virus | Nanoviridae, Babuvirus | No (plant virus) | Yellowing of older fronds, necrosis, premature nut fall, leading to tree death. | Plant hopper vector. |
| Coquillettidia virus | Phasmaviridae, Phlebovirus-like | No known human disease | Isolated from mosquitoes; no known disease in animals or humans. | Mosquito-borne. |
| Colorado tick fever virus | Reoviridae, Coltivirus | Yes | Fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, biphasic fever pattern. | Tick-borne (Dermacentor andersoni). |
| Coltivirus | Reoviridae, Coltivirus | Yes (e.g., Colorado tick fever virus) | Febrile illness, flu-like symptoms; can cause hemorrhagic fever or encephalitis. | Arthropod-borne (ticks, mosquitoes). |
| Columbid circovirus | Circoviridae, Circovirus | No | Immunosuppression, feather abnormalities, beak deformities, death in pigeons and doves. | Fecal-oral, feather dust, vertical. |
| Comovirus | Secoviridae, Comovirus | No (plant virus) | Mosaic, mottling, blistering, and distortion of leaves; stunting of plants. | Mechanical, seed-borne, beetle-borne (non-persistent). |
| Coronavirus | Coronaviridae (Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus, Deltacoronavirus) | Yes (some types) / Varies by species | Respiratory, enteric, or systemic disease; ranges from common cold to severe pneumonia. | Respiratory droplets, direct contact, fecal-oral, zoonotic. |
| Corriparta virus | Reoviridae, Orbivirus | No known human disease | Isolated from mosquitoes; no known disease in animals or humans. | Mosquito-borne. |
| Cotia virus | Rhabdoviridae, Vesiculovirus | No known human disease | Isolated from ticks and rodents; no known disease in animals or humans. | Tick-borne (rodents primary host). |
| Cowpea mosaic virus | Secoviridae, Comovirus | No (plant virus) | Severe mosaic, mottling, blistering, and distortion of leaves in cowpea. | Mechanical, seed-borne, beetle-borne. |
| Cowpox virus | Poxviridae, Orthopoxvirus | Yes (zoonotic) | Skin lesions (papules, vesicles, pustules, scabs), fever, lymphadenopathy. | Direct contact with infected animals (cats, rodents, cows). |
| Coxsackievirus A1 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus A2 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus A3 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus A4 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus A5 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus A6 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus A7 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus A8 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus A9 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus A10 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus A11 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus A12 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus A13 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus A14 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus A16 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus A17 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus A18 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus A19 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus A20 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus A21 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus A22 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus A24 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus B1 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus B2 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus B3 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus B4 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus B5 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Coxsackievirus B6 | Picornaviridae, Enterovirus | Yes | Fever, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, pleurodynia, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis. Symptoms vary by type. | Fecal-oral, respiratory droplets, direct contact with blister fluid. |
| Crabtree Creek virus | Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus | No known human disease | Isolated from mosquitoes; no known disease in animals or humans. | Mosquito-borne. |
| Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus | Nairoviridae, Orthonairovirus | Yes | Fever, muscle ache, dizziness, neck stiffness, backache, headache, photophobia, hemorrhagic manifestations. | Tick-borne (Hyalomma genus), contact with infected animal blood/tissue. |
| Crinivirus | Closteroviridae, Crinivirus | No (plant virus) | Yellowing of older leaves, interveinal chlorosis, stunting, reduced yield in vegetables. | Whiteflies (semi-persistent). |
| Cross River virus | Rhabdoviridae, Vesiculovirus | No known human disease | Isolated from mosquitos; no known disease in animals or humans. | Mosquito-borne. |
| Cucumber mosaic virus | Bromoviridae, Cucumovirus | No (plant virus) | Mosaic, mottling, stunting, deformation of leaves and fruits in over 1,200 plant species. | Aphids (non-persistent), mechanical, seed-borne. |
| Cucumovirus | Bromoviridae, Cucumovirus | No (plant virus) | Mosaic, mottling, stunting, deformation in a wide range of plant species. | Aphids (non-persistent), mechanical, seed-borne. |
| Cypovirus | Reoviridae, Cypovirus (Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus) | No (insect virus) | Primarily affects insect larvae, causing reduced growth, lethargy, and sometimes death. | Oral ingestion by insect larvae (via contaminated food/surfaces). |
| Cypovirus 1 | Reoviridae, Cypovirus | No (insect virus) | Primarily affects insect larvae, causing reduced growth, lethargy, and sometimes death. | Oral ingestion by insect larvae (via contaminated food/surfaces). |
| Cypovirus 2 | Reoviridae, Cypovirus | No (insect virus) | Primarily affects insect larvae, causing reduced growth, lethargy, and sometimes death. | Oral ingestion by insect larvae (via contaminated food/surfaces). |
| Cypovirus 3 | Reoviridae, Cypovirus | No (insect virus) | Primarily affects insect larvae, causing reduced growth, lethargy, and sometimes death. | Oral ingestion by insect larvae (via contaminated food/surfaces). |
| Cypovirus 4 | Reoviridae, Cypovirus | No (insect virus) | Primarily affects insect larvae, causing reduced growth, lethargy, and sometimes death. | Oral ingestion by insect larvae (via contaminated food/surfaces). |
| Cypovirus 5 | Reoviridae, Cypovirus | No (insect virus) | Primarily affects insect larvae, causing reduced growth, lethargy, and sometimes death. | Oral ingestion by insect larvae (via contaminated food/surfaces). |
| Cypovirus 6 | Reoviridae, Cypovirus | No (insect virus) | Primarily affects insect larvae, causing reduced growth, lethargy, and sometimes death. | Oral ingestion by insect larvae (via contaminated food/surfaces). |
| Cypovirus 7 | Reoviridae, Cypovirus | No (insect virus) | Primarily affects insect larvae, causing reduced growth, lethargy, and sometimes death. | Oral ingestion by insect larvae (via contaminated food/surfaces). |
| Cypovirus 8 | Reoviridae, Cypovirus | No (insect virus) | Primarily affects insect larvae, causing reduced growth, lethargy, and sometimes death. | Oral ingestion by insect larvae (via contaminated food/surfaces). |
| Cypovirus 9 | Reoviridae, Cypovirus | No (insect virus) | Primarily affects insect larvae, causing reduced growth, lethargy, and sometimes death. | Oral ingestion by insect larvae (via contaminated food/surfaces). |
| Cypovirus 10 | Reoviridae, Cypovirus | No (insect virus) | Primarily affects insect larvae, causing reduced growth, lethargy, and sometimes death. | Oral ingestion by insect larvae (via contaminated food/surfaces). |
| Cypovirus 11 | Reoviridae, Cypovirus | No (insect virus) | Primarily affects insect larvae, causing reduced growth, lethargy, and sometimes death. | Oral ingestion by insect larvae (via contaminated food/surfaces). |
| Cypovirus 12 | Reoviridae, Cypovirus | No (insect virus) | Primarily affects insect larvae, causing reduced growth, lethargy, and sometimes death. | Oral ingestion by insect larvae (via contaminated food/surfaces). |
| Cypovirus 13 | Reoviridae, Cypovirus | No (insect virus) | Primarily affects insect larvae, causing reduced growth, lethargy, and sometimes death. | Oral ingestion by insect larvae (via contaminated food/surfaces). |
| Cypovirus 14 | Reoviridae, Cypovirus | No (insect virus) | Primarily affects insect larvae, causing reduced growth, lethargy, and sometimes death. | Oral ingestion by insect larvae (via contaminated food/surfaces). |
| Cypovirus 15 | Reoviridae, Cypovirus | No (insect virus) | Primarily affects insect larvae, causing reduced growth, lethargy, and sometimes death. | Oral ingestion by insect larvae (via contaminated food/surfaces). |
| Cypovirus 16 | Reoviridae, Cypovirus | No (insect virus) | Primarily affects insect larvae, causing reduced growth, lethargy, and sometimes death. | Oral ingestion by insect larvae (via contaminated food/surfaces). |
| Cytomegalovirus | Herpesviridae, Betaherpesvirinae, Cytomegalovirus | Yes | Often asymptomatic; can cause mononucleosis-like illness, severe disease in immunocompromised or congenital infection. | Direct contact with bodily fluids (saliva, urine, blood, breast milk, sexual contact, organ transplant). |
| Human coronavirus 229E | Coronaviridae, Alphacoronavirus | Yes | Common cold-like symptoms (runny nose, sore throat, cough, fever), sometimes pneumonia. | Respiratory droplets, direct contact. |
| Human coronavirus HKU1 | Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus | Yes | Common cold-like symptoms, can lead to bronchiolitis or pneumonia, especially in vulnerable groups. | Respiratory droplets, direct contact. |
| Human coronavirus NL63 | Coronaviridae, Alphacoronavirus | Yes | Common cold, bronchiolitis, croup; can cause severe acute respiratory infection in children. | Respiratory droplets, direct contact. |
| Human coronavirus OC43 | Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus | Yes | Common cold-like symptoms, can contribute to lower respiratory tract infections in children/elderly. | Respiratory droplets, direct contact. |
| Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus | Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus | Yes | Severe acute respiratory illness, fever, cough, shortness of breath, pneumonia, kidney failure. | Respiratory droplets, direct contact, zoonotic (camels to humans). |
| Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus | Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus | Yes | Severe acute respiratory illness, fever, cough, shortness of breath, pneumonia. | Respiratory droplets, direct contact, zoonotic (civet cats to humans). |
| Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 | Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus | Yes | Wide range including fever, cough, fatigue, loss of taste/smell, respiratory distress, leading to COVID-19. | Respiratory droplets, aerosols, direct contact. |
Descriptions
Cache Valley virus
An arbovirus transmitted by mosquitoes, primarily affecting sheep, cattle, and horses, but can cause rare neurological disease in humans, including meningitis and encephalitis.
Caddo Canyon virus
An orthobunyavirus identified in mosquitoes in the United States. While its impact on animals or humans is not fully understood, it highlights the diversity of arthropod-borne viruses in nature.
California encephalitis virus
An arbovirus transmitted by mosquitoes, primarily causing mild febrile illness. In rare cases, it can lead to more severe neurological symptoms like encephalitis, particularly in children.
Calicivirus
A family of highly diverse RNA viruses. Notable members like Norovirus cause widespread gastroenteritis in humans, while others affect animals, including feline calicivirus in cats and rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus.
Camelpox virus
An Orthopoxvirus primarily affecting camels, causing skin lesions and systemic illness. It is closely related to smallpox virus and can rarely transmit to humans, causing a similar but milder disease.
Campylobacter phage CP220
A bacteriophage, meaning a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria, specifically Campylobacter species. It is being studied for its potential to control Campylobacter contamination in food production.
Canarypox virus
An avipoxvirus causing pox lesions in canaries and other avian species. While it doesn’t infect humans, modified canarypox viruses are used as vaccine vectors for other diseases.
Canine adenovirus 1
A common dog virus causing infectious canine hepatitis, a severe disease affecting the liver, kidneys, and eyes. It is highly contagious among dogs but poses no threat to human health.
Canine adenovirus 2
A canine virus primarily associated with canine infectious tracheobronchitis, commonly known as kennel cough. It causes respiratory symptoms in dogs and is often part of canine vaccines.
Canine anellovirus
A member of the Anelloviridae family, commonly found in dogs. Its clinical significance is not well understood, as it’s often present in healthy animals without causing apparent disease symptoms.
Canine circovirus
A canine virus that can cause severe gastrointestinal and systemic disease in dogs, particularly puppies. It has been identified in cases of hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and enteritis in canines.
Canine coronavirus
A common dog virus primarily causing mild to moderate gastrointestinal illness, often diarrhea, especially in puppies. It is distinct from human coronaviruses and does not infect people.
Canine enteric coronavirus
A variant of Canine coronavirus that specifically targets the intestinal tract, causing acute gastroenteritis in dogs. Puppies are particularly susceptible to more severe forms of the illness.
Canine herpesvirus 1
A canine virus causing a highly fatal hemorrhagic disease in neonatal puppies. In adult dogs, it can lead to reproductive problems, including infertility, stillbirths, and abortions.
Canine minute virus
A canine parvovirus often found in healthy dogs, with its role in disease still being investigated. It may contribute to respiratory or enteric signs in some canine populations, but typically asymptomatic.
Canine respiratory coronavirus
A coronavirus variant affecting the respiratory system of dogs, contributing to the “kennel cough” complex. It causes symptoms like coughing and nasal discharge but does not infect humans.
Canine torovirus
A relatively newly identified virus in dogs, associated with mild gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, though often infections are asymptomatic. Its full impact on canine health is still being studied.
Capillovirus
A genus of plant viruses that can cause economically significant diseases in crops like apple and cherry. They induce symptoms such as mosaic patterns and stunting, impacting agricultural yield.
Caprine herpesvirus 1
A goat herpesvirus causing a range of clinical signs including respiratory disease, conjunctivitis, and reproductive issues like abortions and vulvovaginitis in caprine populations. It is not transmissible to humans.
Cardiovirus
A genus of Picornaviruses, including Theilovirus and Saffold virus, found in various species. Some strains can cause neurological disease or myocarditis in animals, and some have been detected in humans.
Carlavirus
A genus of plant viruses causing a variety of symptoms, including mosaic patterns and mottling, in economically important crops like potato, lily, and carnation, impacting plant growth and yield.
Carnation latent virus
A carlavirus commonly infecting carnations, often causing no visible symptoms, hence “latent.” However, it can reduce flower quality and is a concern in commercial floriculture.
Carnivore protoparvovirus 1
A parvovirus affecting carnivores, including domestic dogs and cats, causing severe, often fatal, gastrointestinal disease, myocarditis in young animals, and immunosuppression. It does not infect humans.
Caulimovirus
A genus of plant DNA viruses, notable for being among the first plant viruses studied at the molecular level. They cause mosaic patterns and other diseases in crops like cauliflower and dahlia.
Cauliflower mosaic virus
A plant DNA virus causing characteristic mosaic and mottling symptoms on leaves of cruciferous plants like cauliflower, broccoli, and cabbage. It is a significant pathogen in agriculture.
Chaparral virus
A phlebovirus identified in ticks and rodents in California. While primarily affecting animals, it has been linked to rare cases of febrile illness and encephalitis in humans, similar to Rift Valley fever.
Chapelton virus
An alphavirus isolated from mosquitoes in Jamaica. Its pathogenicity for humans or animals is not clearly established, but it contributes to the vast diversity of mosquito-borne viruses.
Charleville virus
An orbivirus isolated from biting midges in Australia. While it has not been associated with human or animal disease, its discovery adds to the understanding of arbovirus diversity.
Chenuda virus
An orbivirus first isolated from ticks in Egypt. It is not currently associated with any known human or animal diseases, but its presence suggests a potential role in ecosystems.
Chikungunya virus
An arbovirus transmitted by mosquitoes, causing fever and severe, often debilitating joint pain in humans. Outbreaks occur globally, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions.
Chilibre virus
A phlebovirus transmitted by sandflies, primarily found in Central and South America. It can cause febrile illness in humans, characterized by fever and flu-like symptoms, but usually mild.
Chobar Gorge virus
An orthonairovirus identified in ticks from Nepal. It is not known to cause disease in humans or animals, but its presence indicates the diversity of tick-borne viruses in the region.
Christmas Island virus
An alphavirus isolated from mosquitoes on Christmas Island. Its pathogenicity for humans or animals is not established, highlighting ongoing viral discovery in unique ecosystems.
Citrus leaf rugose virus
A plant virus affecting citrus trees, causing symptoms like leaf wrinkling (rugosity), mosaic patterns, and reduced fruit quality. It is a concern for citrus growers worldwide.
Citrus tristeza virus
One of the most economically devastating plant viruses for citrus, causing a range of symptoms from decline and death of trees to stem pitting, depending on the citrus variety and virus strain.
Citrus tatter leaf virus
A plant virus primarily affecting citrus trees, causing characteristic “tatter leaf” or “crinkly leaf” symptoms. It can reduce tree vigor and fruit quality, posing a challenge for growers.
Civet coronavirus
A coronavirus found in civet cats, closely related to the SARS-CoV that caused the 2002-2004 SARS epidemic. It primarily causes mild infections in civets and is important for understanding zoonotic spillover.
Clandestine virus
A rhabdovirus discovered in mosquitoes in North America. Its pathogenicity to humans or animals is not established, but it contributes to the understanding of viral diversity in insect vectors.
Clearwater Creek virus
An orthobunyavirus identified in mosquitoes in the United States. While its clinical significance for humans or animals is not established, it represents part of the arboviral landscape in North America.
Cleon virus
An orthonairovirus isolated from ticks in Greece. It is not currently known to cause disease in humans or animals, but its presence signifies ongoing viral discovery in tick populations.
Closterovirus
A genus of plant viruses known for their very long, flexible filamentous particles. They cause phloem-limited diseases in various crops, leading to yellowing, stunting, and decline.
Cocal virus
A rhabdovirus related to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus, primarily affecting horses and donkeys, causing oral and hoof lesions. Rare human infections can occur, leading to a flu-like illness.
Coconut foliar decay virus
A virus causing a fatal disease in coconut palms, characterized by yellowing and necrosis of leaves, premature nut fall, and eventual tree death. It is transmitted by planthoppers.
Coquillettidia virus
A newly classified virus isolated from Coquillettidia mosquitoes. Its impact on human or animal health is currently unknown, but its discovery helps to map the diversity of insect-associated viruses.
Colorado tick fever virus
A coltivirus transmitted by the Rocky Mountain wood tick, causing Colorado tick fever in humans. Symptoms include fever, body aches, and fatigue, often with a characteristic biphasic fever pattern.
Coltivirus
A genus of Reoviruses primarily transmitted by arthropods, particularly ticks. Notable members, like Colorado tick fever virus, cause febrile illnesses in humans, occasionally with more severe manifestations.
Columbid circovirus
A circovirus infecting Columbidae birds like pigeons and doves, causing immunosuppression, feather abnormalities, and organ damage. It does not affect humans or other mammals.
Comovirus
A genus of plant viruses known for their isometric particles. They cause mosaic, mottling, and distortion symptoms in various legumes like cowpea, leading to significant crop losses.
Coronavirus
A large family of RNA viruses found in both humans and animals, known for causing respiratory, enteric, and systemic diseases. They include viruses responsible for the common cold, SARS, MERS, and COVID-19.
Corriparta virus
An orbivirus first isolated from mosquitoes in Australia. While it is not associated with human or animal disease, its presence indicates the broad diversity of arboviruses in the environment.
Cotia virus
A rhabdovirus isolated from ticks and rodents in Brazil. It is not currently known to cause disease in humans or animals, contributing to the understanding of tick-borne viral ecology.
Cowpea mosaic virus
A well-studied plant virus, known for its distinctive mosaic and mottling symptoms on cowpea leaves. It is a major pathogen in legume crops, causing significant yield losses.
Cowpox virus
An orthopoxvirus primarily found in rodents, which can infect domestic animals like cats and cows, and can be transmitted to humans. It causes localized skin lesions and mild systemic illness.
Coxsackievirus A1
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus A2
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus A3
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus A4
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus A5
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus A6
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus A7
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus A8
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus A9
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus A10
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus A11
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus A12
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus A13
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus A14
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus A16
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus A17
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus A18
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus A19
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus A20
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus A21
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus A22
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus A24
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus B1
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus B2
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus B3
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus B4
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus B5
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Coxsackievirus B6
Common human enteroviruses causing a range of mild to severe illnesses, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and myocarditis. They spread easily, particularly among children.
Crabtree Creek virus
An orthobunyavirus isolated from mosquitoes in the United States. While its clinical significance for humans or animals is not established, it is part of the diverse group of arboviruses.
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
A highly pathogenic tick-borne virus causing severe hemorrhagic fever in humans, with a high mortality rate. It is endemic in Africa, the Balkans, the Middle East, and Asia.
Crinivirus
A genus of plant viruses that cause yellowing and stunting diseases in various vegetable and ornamental crops. They are exclusively transmitted by whiteflies and can cause significant agricultural losses.
Cross River virus
A rhabdovirus identified in mosquitoes in Nigeria. Its pathogenicity to humans or animals is not established, but its discovery adds to the understanding of viral diversity in insect vectors.
Cucumber mosaic virus
One of the broadest host range plant viruses, infecting over 1,200 plant species worldwide. It causes mosaic, mottling, and stunting, severely impacting horticultural and agricultural crops.
Cucumovirus
A genus of plant viruses with a very broad host range, notably including Cucumber mosaic virus. They cause mosaic, mottling, and stunting, affecting numerous agricultural and horticultural crops.
Cypovirus
Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses are a genus of insect pathogens, primarily affecting the digestive system of larvae like silkworms, leading to disease and economic impact on insect farming. They are not known to infect humans.
Cypovirus 1
Specific types of Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses, which are insect pathogens. They primarily affect the digestive system of various insect larvae, causing disease and impacting insect populations.
Cypovirus 2
Specific types of Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses, which are insect pathogens. They primarily affect the digestive system of various insect larvae, causing disease and impacting insect populations.
Cypovirus 3
Specific types of Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses, which are insect pathogens. They primarily affect the digestive system of various insect larvae, causing disease and impacting insect populations.
Cypovirus 4
Specific types of Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses, which are insect pathogens. They primarily affect the digestive system of various insect larvae, causing disease and impacting insect populations.
Cypovirus 5
Specific types of Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses, which are insect pathogens. They primarily affect the digestive system of various insect larvae, causing disease and impacting insect populations.
Cypovirus 6
Specific types of Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses, which are insect pathogens. They primarily affect the digestive system of various insect larvae, causing disease and impacting insect populations.
Cypovirus 7
Specific types of Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses, which are insect pathogens. They primarily affect the digestive system of various insect larvae, causing disease and impacting insect populations.
Cypovirus 8
Specific types of Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses, which are insect pathogens. They primarily affect the digestive system of various insect larvae, causing disease and impacting insect populations.
Cypovirus 9
Specific types of Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses, which are insect pathogens. They primarily affect the digestive system of various insect larvae, causing disease and impacting insect populations.
Cypovirus 10
Specific types of Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses, which are insect pathogens. They primarily affect the digestive system of various insect larvae, causing disease and impacting insect populations.
Cypovirus 11
Specific types of Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses, which are insect pathogens. They primarily affect the digestive system of various insect larvae, causing disease and impacting insect populations.
Cypovirus 12
Specific types of Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses, which are insect pathogens. They primarily affect the digestive system of various insect larvae, causing disease and impacting insect populations.
Cypovirus 13
Specific types of Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses, which are insect pathogens. They primarily affect the digestive system of various insect larvae, causing disease and impacting insect populations.
Cypovirus 14
Specific types of Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses, which are insect pathogens. They primarily affect the digestive system of various insect larvae, causing disease and impacting insect populations.
Cypovirus 15
Specific types of Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses, which are insect pathogens. They primarily affect the digestive system of various insect larvae, causing disease and impacting insect populations.
Cypovirus 16
Specific types of Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses, which are insect pathogens. They primarily affect the digestive system of various insect larvae, causing disease and impacting insect populations.
Cytomegalovirus
A common human herpesvirus that usually causes no symptoms in healthy individuals but can lead to severe disease in newborns (congenital CMV) and immunocompromised people.
Human coronavirus 229E
One of the human coronaviruses commonly causing mild to moderate upper respiratory infections, known as the common cold. It circulates globally and typically causes less severe illness.
Human coronavirus HKU1
A human coronavirus identified in 2005, causing common cold symptoms. It can sometimes lead to more severe lower respiratory tract infections, particularly in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.
Human coronavirus NL63
A human coronavirus responsible for a portion of common cold cases. It can also cause more severe respiratory illnesses like bronchiolitis and croup, especially in young children.
Human coronavirus OC43
A widely circulating human coronavirus, a frequent cause of the common cold. It contributes significantly to seasonal respiratory illnesses and can sometimes lead to more severe conditions in vulnerable populations.
Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
A highly pathogenic coronavirus first identified in 2012, primarily circulating in dromedary camels and causing severe acute respiratory syndrome and high mortality in humans. It poses a significant public health threat.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
The virus responsible for the 2002-2004 SARS epidemic, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome with fever, cough, and pneumonia. It emerged from animal reservoirs and highlighted the potential for zoonotic spillover.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
The virus causing COVID-19, a highly transmissible respiratory disease that led to a global pandemic. Symptoms vary widely from mild to severe, affecting millions worldwide and significantly impacting public health.