Count: 0 — No Italian last names that start with the letter X appear in the major Italian surname registers and authoritative databases used for genealogical research. This absence is striking because X is a visually prominent letter, yet it is extremely rare as an initial in native Italian surnames and typically shows up only in foreign or highly regionalized forms.

Consult Italy’s official surname lists (ISTAT), national phone directories, archival records, and standard etymological dictionaries to confirm this pattern. Understand that Italian phonology and historical orthography rarely place X at the beginning of words derived from Latin, and the modern Italian alphabet traditionally avoided X as an initial letter. Expect occurrences of X to come from later borrowings, immigrant families, or from special regional spellings that are often standardized under other letters in official records.

Consider related searches instead: surnames that contain the letter X (not necessarily at the start), surnames of Spanish, Basque, Maltese, or other immigrant origin now found in Italy, and regional Sardinian orthographies where unusual letters sometimes appear. Prioritize authoritative sources and index entries under the standardized spellings used by ISTAT and archival catalogs when looking for near-matches or variants.