There are 39 medical specialties that start with the letter G. From Gastric Surgery to Gynecology. Medical specialties are fields within medicine that focus on specific functions, patient populations, or types of diseases. They have evolved to address the increasing complexity of healthcare, enabling practitioners to hone their skills and knowledge in particular areas. Specialists typically undergo extensive training that includes residency programs and sometimes additional fellowships, allowing them to provide advanced care and treatment options. The diversification into various specialties ensures that patients receive expert diagnosis and management of their medical conditions, thus enhancing the quality of care.
An interesting fact about medical specialties is that many of them have unique subspecialties that have developed around advancements in technology and research. For instance, within internal medicine, there are subspecialties like cardiology and gastroenterology that focus on specific organ systems or diseases, demonstrating a continuous evolution of medical practice to incorporate new knowledge and techniques.
Here’s what each of the columns in the table means:
Focus Area: This column indicates the primary domain or aspect of health care that the specialty addresses, such as cardiology focusing on heart diseases or pediatrics centering on children’s health.
Training Required: This column specifies the education and training commitments needed to practice within the specialty, typically involving medical school, residency, and possibly fellowships for further specialization.
Common Procedures: This column outlines the typical medical interventions or treatments that practitioners in the specialty perform regularly, such as surgeries, diagnostic tests, or therapeutic measures.
Description: This column provides a brief overview of the specialty, including its scope of practice, the types of conditions treated, and the patient population served, giving insight into the role of the medical specialty in overall healthcare.
Medical specialties That Start With G
| Medical specialties | focus area | training required | common procedures |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gastric Surgery | Surgical treatment of diseases and disorders affecting the stomach | Specialized training in general surgery with additional focus on gastric procedures | Gastrectomy, gastric bypass, gastric banding |
| Gastric Ultrasonography | Diagnostic imaging of the stomach using high-frequency sound waves | Advanced training in radiology and gastroenterology | Transabdominal, endoscopic, and intraoperative ultrasound imaging of the stomach |
| Gastro-Oncology | Specialized field focused on the diagnosis and treatment of cancers affecting the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract. | Medical degree, residency in oncology or gastroenterology, and additional fellowship training in gastro-oncology. | Endoscopic procedures, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, surgical interventions for gastrointestinal cancers. |
| Gastroenterological Endocrinology | Diagnosis and treatment of hormonal disorders related to the gastrointestinal system | Specialized training in both gastroenterology and endocrinology | Hormone testing, hormone replacement therapy, management of conditions like acromegaly, carcinoid syndrome |
| Gastroenterological Intensive Care | Specialized care for critically ill patients with acute and severe gastrointestinal conditions | Additional training in critical care medicine and gastroenterology | Intensive monitoring, nutritional support, management of complications like gastrointestinal bleeding, bowel obstruction, or liver failure |
| Gastroenterological Neurology | Specialized field focused on the neurological aspects of digestive system disorders, including the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the enteric nervous system. | Medical degree, residency in neurology or gastroenterology, and additional fellowship training in gastroenterological neurology. | Evaluation of gut-brain axis disorders, neurophysiological testing, management of neurological complications of gastrointestinal diseases. |
| Gastroenterological Oncology | Specialized field focused on the diagnosis and treatment of cancers affecting the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract. | Medical degree, residency in oncology or gastroenterology, and additional fellowship training in gastroenterological oncology. | Endoscopic procedures, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, surgical interventions for gastrointestinal cancers. |
| Gastroenterological Pathology | Specialized field focused on the diagnosis and analysis of diseases and disorders affecting the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, liver, and pancreas. | Medical degree, residency in pathology, and additional fellowship training in gastroenterological pathology. | Histological examination, immunohistochemical analysis, molecular testing of gastrointestinal samples. |
| Gastroenterological Surgery | Surgical treatment of disorders affecting the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, liver, pancreas, and biliary system. | Medical degree, residency in general surgery, and additional fellowship training in gastrointestinal surgery. | Laparoscopic procedures, open abdominal surgery, endoscopic techniques, liver transplantation. |
| Gastroenterology | Diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and biliary system. | Medical degree, residency in internal medicine or pediatrics, and additional fellowship training in gastroenterology. | Endoscopy, colonoscopy, liver biopsy, ERCP, esophageal manometry. |
| Gastroswallow | Specialized focus on the diagnosis and treatment of swallowing disorders, including those affecting the esophagus and upper digestive tract. | Medical degree, residency in gastroenterology or otolaryngology, and additional training in swallowing disorders. | Endoscopic evaluation, manometry, speech therapy, botox injections for dysphagia. |
| Genecology | Specialized field focused on the study and treatment of genetic disorders, including inherited conditions and birth defects. | Medical degree, residency in medical genetics, and additional fellowship training in genecology. | Genetic testing, counseling, gene therapy, prenatal diagnosis. |
| General Dermatology | Diagnosis and treatment of skin, hair, and nail conditions | 4 years of medical school, 3-4 years of residency training in dermatology | Skin biopsies, excisions, laser treatments, chemical peels |
| General Orthopedics | Diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal conditions | 4 years of medical school, 5 years of residency training in orthopedic surgery | Joint replacements, fracture repair, ligament/tendon repair |
| General Practice | Primary care focused on comprehensive, continuous, and integrated care for individuals and families. | Medical degree and residency in family medicine or general internal medicine. | Routine check-ups, preventive care, diagnosis and treatment of common illnesses, minor procedures. |
| Genetics | Diagnosis, management, and prevention of genetic disorders and hereditary conditions. | Medical degree, residency in medical genetics, and additional fellowship training in a specialty area of genetics. | Genetic testing, counseling, gene therapy, prenatal diagnosis. |
| Genetronics | Specialized field focused on the development and application of genetic engineering and biotechnology techniques, including gene therapy, gene editing, and genetic modification. | Medical degree, residency in genetics or biomedical engineering, and additional training in genetronics. | Gene replacement therapy, CRISPR-based gene editing, genetic engineering of cells and organisms. |
| Genodermatology | Genetic basis of skin disorders | 4 years of medical school, 3-4 years of residency training in dermatology, additional fellowship training in genodermatology | Genetic testing, skin biopsies |
| Geriatic Orthopedics | Musculoskeletal care for the elderly | 4 years of medical school, 5 years of residency training in orthopedic surgery, additional fellowship training in geriatric orthopedics | Hip and knee replacements, fracture repair, osteoporosis management |
| Geriatic Trauma | Trauma care for the elderly | 4 years of medical school, 3-4 years of residency training in emergency medicine or trauma surgery, additional fellowship training in geriatric trauma | Management of fractures, internal injuries, and other trauma in older adults |
| Geriatric Cardiology | Specialized care for the cardiovascular health of older adults, including the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of age-related heart and vascular conditions. | Medical degree, residency in cardiology, and additional fellowship training in geriatric cardiology. | Medication management, pacemaker implantation, management of heart failure in the elderly. |
| Geriatric Dentistry | Specialized field focused on the oral health care of older adults, including the prevention and treatment of age-related dental and oral conditions. | Medical degree, residency in dentistry, and additional training in geriatric dentistry. | Dental restorations, denture fittings, management of dry mouth, oral cancer screening. |
| Geriatric Emergency Medicine | Specialized field focused on the delivery of emergency medical care for older adults, considering the unique physical, cognitive, and social needs of the elderly population. | Medical degree, residency in emergency medicine, and additional fellowship training in geriatric emergency medicine. | Rapid assessment, stabilization, and management of acute medical issues in older patients, including falls, delirium, and chronic disease exacerbations. |
| Geriatric Medicine | Specialized care for the unique health needs of older adults, including the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of age-related conditions. | Medical degree, residency in internal medicine or family medicine, and additional fellowship training in geriatrics. | Comprehensive geriatric assessment, medication management, falls prevention, end-of-life care. |
| Geriatric Neurosurgery | Specialized field focused on the surgical treatment of neurological conditions and injuries in older adults, considering the unique anatomical, physiological, and cognitive factors associated with aging. | Medical degree, residency in neurosurgery, and additional fellowship training in geriatric neurosurgery. | Minimally invasive procedures, treatment of age-related brain and spine disorders, management of neurological complications of chronic conditions. |
| Geriatric Ophthalmology | Eye care for the elderly | 4 years of medical school, 3-4 years of residency training in ophthalmology, additional fellowship training in geriatric ophthalmology | Cataract surgery, glaucoma management, low vision rehabilitation |
| Geriatric Psychiatry | Specialized care for the mental health of older adults, including the diagnosis and treatment of age-related psychiatric disorders, such as dementia, depression, and anxiety. | Medical degree, residency in psychiatry, and additional fellowship training in geriatric psychiatry. | Psychotherapy, medication management, cognitive behavioral therapy, management of behavioral issues in dementia. |
| Geriatric Radiology | Specialized field focused on the use of medical imaging techniques to diagnose and monitor age-related conditions, as well as the unique considerations for imaging older patients. | Medical degree, residency in radiology, and additional training in geriatric radiology. | Interpretation of imaging studies, such as CT, MRI, and X-rays, in the context of aging-related changes and comorbidities. |
| Geriatric Rheumatology | Specialized field focused on the diagnosis and treatment of age-related rheumatic and musculoskeletal disorders, including arthritis, osteoporosis, and connective tissue diseases. | Medical degree, residency in rheumatology, and additional fellowship training in geriatric rheumatology. | Medication management, joint injections, physical therapy, management of comorbidities in older adults. |
| Gerodontology | Specialized field focused on the oral health care of older adults, including the prevention and treatment of age-related dental and oral conditions. | Medical degree, residency in dentistry, and additional training in gerodontology. | Dental restorations, denture fittings, management of dry mouth, oral cancer screening. |
| Glaucoma | Diagnosis and treatment of the group of eye conditions characterized by increased pressure within the eye, which can lead to optic nerve damage and vision loss. | Medical degree, residency in ophthalmology, and additional fellowship training in glaucoma. | Medication, laser therapy, surgical procedures to lower intraocular pressure. |
| Grief Counseling | Specialized field focused on providing support and guidance to individuals and families coping with the emotional and psychological impact of loss, bereavement, and grief. | Medical degree, residency in psychiatry or psychology, and additional training in grief counseling. | Individual and group therapy, crisis intervention, education on the grieving process. |
| Gynecologic Oncology | Specialized care for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers affecting the female reproductive system, including the uterus, ovaries, cervix, and vulva. | Medical degree, residency in obstetrics and gynecology, and additional fellowship training in gynecologic oncology. | Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapies for gynecological cancers. |
| Gynecologic Pathology | Specialized field focused on the diagnosis and analysis of diseases and disorders affecting the female reproductive system, including the uterus, ovaries, cervix, and vulva. | Medical degree, residency in pathology, and additional fellowship training in gynecologic pathology. | Histological examination, immunohistochemical analysis, molecular testing of gynecological samples. |
| Gynecologic Radiation Oncology | Specialized field focused on the use of radiation therapy for the treatment of cancers affecting the female reproductive system, including the uterus, ovaries, cervix, and vulva. | Medical degree, residency in radiation oncology, and additional fellowship training in gynecologic radiation oncology. | External beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). |
| Gynecologic Robotic Surgery | Specialized field focused on the use of robotic surgical systems for the treatment of conditions affecting the female reproductive system. | Medical degree, residency in obstetrics and gynecology, and additional training in robotic-assisted surgical techniques. | Laparoscopic and minimally invasive procedures, such as hysterectomy, myomectomy, and sacrocolpopexy, performed using robotic surgical platforms. |
| Gynecologic Urology Surgery | Specialized field focused on the surgical treatment of urological conditions that affect women, including incontinence, pelvic floor disorders, and urinary tract abnormalities. | Medical degree, residency in urology, and additional fellowship training in gynecologic urology surgery. | Pelvic reconstructive surgery, urinary incontinence procedures, treatment of fistulas and other urogenital complications. |
| Gynecological Urology | Diagnosis and treatment of urological conditions that affect women, including incontinence, pelvic floor disorders, and urinary tract infections. | Medical degree, residency in urology, and additional training in gynecological urology. | Pelvic floor muscle therapy, botox injections, vaginal slings, pelvic reconstructive surgery. |
| Gynecology | Specialized care for the female reproductive system, including the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and vagina. | Medical degree, residency in obstetrics and gynecology. | Pelvic exams, Pap smears, hysterectomy, treatment of gynecological cancers. |
Descriptions
Gastric Surgery
Gastric surgery encompasses a range of procedures to treat conditions like stomach cancer, peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and obesity-related disorders.
Gastric Ultrasonography
Gastric ultrasonography provides valuable information about the anatomy, structure, and function of the stomach, helping in the diagnosis and management of various gastric diseases.
Gastro-Oncology
Gastro-oncologists are experts in the comprehensive management of cancers that originate in or spread to the digestive organs, employing a multidisciplinary approach to provide personalized, evidence-based care for patients with these complex malignancies.
Gastroenterological Endocrinology
Gastroenterological endocrinology focuses on the complex interactions between the gastrointestinal tract and the endocrine system, addressing hormonal imbalances that can contribute to digestive disorders.
Gastroenterological Intensive Care
Gastroenterological intensive care provides life-saving treatment for patients with life-threatening digestive system emergencies, such as fulminant liver failure, acute pancreatitis, or severe gastrointestinal bleeding.
Gastroenterological Neurology
Gastroenterological neurologists explore the complex relationship between the digestive system and the nervous system, applying their expertise to diagnose and treat a range of conditions, from irritable bowel syndrome to autonomic nervous system disorders affecting the gut.
Gastroenterological Oncology
Gastroenterological oncologists are experts in the comprehensive management of cancers that originate in or spread to the digestive organs, employing a multidisciplinary approach to provide personalized, evidence-based care for patients with these complex malignancies.
Gastroenterological Pathology
Gastroenterological pathologists play a crucial role in the accurate diagnosis of a wide range of digestive system conditions, from inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease to gastrointestinal cancers, providing essential information to guide patient treatment and management.
Gastroenterological Surgery
Gastroenterological surgeons specialize in the surgical management of a wide range of digestive system disorders, from hernias and gallstones to colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease.
Gastroenterology
Gastroenterologists diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions, from acid reflux and inflammatory bowel disease to cancers of the digestive system.
Gastroswallow
Gastroswallow specialists use a multidisciplinary approach to assess and manage a wide range of swallowing difficulties, which can be caused by neurological, structural, or functional issues.
Genecology
Genecologists are experts in the diagnosis, management, and prevention of genetic diseases, working to identify and treat a wide range of inherited disorders that can affect individuals and families.
General Dermatology
A specialty focused on the medical and surgical care of the skin, hair, and nails. Dermatologists diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions, from acne to skin cancer.
General Orthopedics
A specialty focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of injuries and diseases of the body’s musculoskeletal system, including bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and nerves.
General Practice
General practitioners provide a wide range of primary care services, serving as the first point of contact and coordinating care across different specialties.
Genetics
Geneticists use their knowledge of inherited traits and genomics to identify, treat, and prevent genetic diseases, as well as to provide guidance to individuals and families.
Genetronics
Genetronics researchers and practitioners work at the intersection of genetics, engineering, and biotechnology, exploring innovative ways to manipulate genetic material and develop novel therapies for a wide range of diseases and conditions.
Genodermatology
A subspecialty of dermatology that focuses on the genetic basis of skin disorders, including rare inherited skin conditions. Genodermatologists use genetic analysis to diagnose and guide treatment of these complex conditions.
Geriatic Orthopedics
A subspecialty of orthopedics that focuses on the unique musculoskeletal needs of older adults. Geriatric orthopedists treat age-related conditions like osteoporosis, arthritis, and falls, and work to maintain mobility and independence in the elderly.
Geriatic Trauma
A subspecialty that focuses on the specialized care of traumatic injuries in the elderly population. Geriatric trauma specialists address the unique physiological and medical challenges faced by older adults who experience accidents, falls, or other traumatic events.
Geriatric Cardiology
Geriatric cardiologists focus on the unique cardiac needs of the aging population, addressing issues such as heart disease, arrhythmias, and vascular problems in the context of multiple co-morbidities and functional decline.
Geriatric Dentistry
Geriatric dentists provide comprehensive oral health care for the elderly, addressing issues such as tooth loss, gum disease, and oral cancer, while considering the physical, cognitive, and social challenges faced by older patients.
Geriatric Emergency Medicine
Geriatric emergency medicine specialists are trained to provide age-appropriate, patient-centered care in the emergency department, addressing the complex needs of elderly patients and coordinating with other healthcare providers to ensure a seamless continuum of care.
Geriatric Medicine
Geriatric specialists focus on maintaining the health, independence, and quality of life for the elderly, often managing complex, multi-faceted medical issues.
Geriatric Neurosurgery
Geriatric neurosurgeons apply their expertise in the surgical management of neurological conditions, such as stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and traumatic brain injury, while accounting for the physical, cognitive, and social needs of elderly patients to optimize outcomes and quality of life.
Geriatric Ophthalmology
A subspecialty of ophthalmology that focuses on the unique eye health needs of older adults. Geriatric ophthalmologists address age-related eye conditions, such as cataracts, macular degeneration, and glaucoma, and provide specialized care to maintain visual function in the elderly.
Geriatric Psychiatry
Geriatric psychiatrists address the unique mental health needs of the elderly, considering the physical, cognitive, and social factors that can impact the emotional well-being of older adults.
Geriatric Radiology
Geriatric radiologists are skilled in the effective and appropriate use of medical imaging for the elderly, accounting for factors like reduced organ function, decreased mobility, and increased sensitivity to radiation.
Geriatric Rheumatology
Geriatric rheumatologists address the unique musculoskeletal health needs of the elderly, considering the impact of aging, polypharmacy, and other medical conditions on the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases in older patients.
Gerodontology
Gerodontologists provide comprehensive oral health care for the elderly, addressing issues such as tooth loss, gum disease, and oral cancer, while considering the physical, cognitive, and social challenges faced by older patients.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma specialists focus on the early detection and management of this chronic, progressive eye disease, using a range of treatments to preserve vision and prevent blindness.
Grief Counseling
Grief counselors help individuals navigate the complex emotions and adaptations associated with the loss of a loved one, providing a safe and supportive environment for processing grief and promoting healthy coping strategies.
Gynecologic Oncology
Gynecologic oncologists are experts in the comprehensive management of cancers that originate in the female reproductive organs, including ovarian, uterine, cervical, and vulvar cancers.
Gynecologic Pathology
Gynecologic pathologists play a crucial role in the accurate diagnosis of a wide range of conditions, from cervical dysplasia and uterine fibroids to ovarian and endometrial cancers, providing vital information to guide patient treatment and management.
Gynecologic Radiation Oncology
Gynecologic radiation oncologists work closely with gynecologic oncologists to develop and deliver targeted radiation treatments for a variety of gynecological cancers, aiming to eradicate tumors while minimizing harm to healthy tissues.
Gynecologic Robotic Surgery
Gynecologic robotic surgeons leverage the precision, flexibility, and enhanced visualization provided by robotic technology to perform complex procedures on the uterus, ovaries, and other reproductive organs with increased accuracy and reduced patient recovery time.
Gynecologic Urology Surgery
Gynecologic urologists work closely with gynecologists to provide comprehensive surgical care for conditions that involve both the urinary and reproductive systems, aiming to restore function and improve the quality of life for female patients.
Gynecological Urology
Gynecological urologists address the unique urological needs of women, often working closely with gynecologists to provide comprehensive care for conditions that involve both the urinary and reproductive systems.
Gynecology
Gynecologists focus on the health and well-being of the female reproductive system, addressing issues such as menstrual disorders, infertility, and gynecological cancers.
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