There are 39 medical specialties that start with the letter E. From Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) to Evoked Potentials. Medical specialties are fields within medicine that focus on specific functions, patient populations, or types of diseases. They have evolved to address the increasing complexity of healthcare, enabling practitioners to hone their skills and knowledge in particular areas. Specialists typically undergo extensive training that includes residency programs and sometimes additional fellowships, allowing them to provide advanced care and treatment options. The diversification into various specialties ensures that patients receive expert diagnosis and management of their medical conditions, thus enhancing the quality of care.
An interesting fact about medical specialties is that many of them have unique subspecialties that have developed around advancements in technology and research. For instance, within internal medicine, there are subspecialties like cardiology and gastroenterology that focus on specific organ systems or diseases, demonstrating a continuous evolution of medical practice to incorporate new knowledge and techniques.
Here’s what each of the columns in the table means:
Focus Area: This column indicates the primary domain or aspect of health care that the specialty addresses, such as cardiology focusing on heart diseases or pediatrics centering on children’s health.
Training Required: This column specifies the education and training commitments needed to practice within the specialty, typically involving medical school, residency, and possibly fellowships for further specialization.
Common Procedures: This column outlines the typical medical interventions or treatments that practitioners in the specialty perform regularly, such as surgeries, diagnostic tests, or therapeutic measures.
Description: This column provides a brief overview of the specialty, including its scope of practice, the types of conditions treated, and the patient population served, giving insight into the role of the medical specialty in overall healthcare.
Medical specialties That Start With E
| Medical specialties | focus area | training required | common procedures |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) | Diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the ears, nose, and throat | 4-5 years of residency training in otolaryngology following medical school | Sinus surgery, tonsillectomy, ear tube placement |
| Echocardiography | Diagnostic imaging of the heart using ultrasound waves | 2-3 years of additional training in cardiology or radiology following medical school | Transthoracic, transesophageal, and stress echocardiograms |
| Elastography | Diagnostic imaging of tissue stiffness and elasticity | Additional training in ultrasound techniques | Shear wave elastography, transient elastography |
| Electroencephalography | Diagnostic testing of electrical activity in the brain | 4-year medical degree, residency in neurology | Brain wave monitoring, electroencephalogram (EEG) |
| Electromyography (EMG) | Evaluating the health of muscles and the nerve cells that control them (motor neurons) | Completion of a residency in physical medicine and rehabilitation, neurology, or other specialty | Nerve conduction studies, needle electromyography |
| Electron Beam Tomography (EBT) | Cardiac imaging using electron beams | Additional training in cardiac imaging techniques | Coronary angiography, cardiac calcium scoring |
| Electron Microscopy | Use of electron microscopes for detailed cell and tissue analysis | 4-year medical degree, fellowship in specialized training | Preparing and analyzing biological samples under electron microscopes |
| Embryology | Study of the development of embryos and fetuses | 4-year medical degree, residency in obstetrics and gynecology or additional training | Performing fetal ultrasounds, in vitro fertilization |
| Embryonic Medicine | Diagnosis, treatment, and management of congenital and developmental disorders in the embryonic and fetal stages | Specialized training in obstetrics, genetics, and fetal medicine | Chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis, fetal surgery |
| Embryonic Stem Cell Research | Studying the potential of embryonic stem cells to develop into various cell types and tissues | Specialized training in cell biology, developmental biology, and regenerative medicine | Culturing and differentiating embryonic stem cells, genetic manipulation |
| Emergency Medicine | Acute care and stabilization of patients with life-threatening conditions | 3-4 years of residency training in emergency medicine following medical school | Emergency procedures, trauma management, critical care |
| Emergency Radiology | Rapid diagnostic imaging in emergency situations | 4-year medical degree, residency in radiology | Interpreting X-rays, CT scans, MRI, and other imaging modalities in the ER |
| Endobronchial Ultrasound | Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures involving the airways | 4-year medical degree, residency in pulmonology or thoracic surgery | Biopsies of lung nodules and lymph nodes, placement of airway stents |
| Endocrine Oncology | Diagnosis and treatment of endocrine system cancers such as thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary tumors | Specialized training in endocrinology and oncology | Thyroidectomy, adrenalectomy, pituitary surgery |
| Endocrine Pathology | Examining the tissues and cells of the endocrine system to diagnose diseases and disorders | Completion of a pathology residency and additional training in endocrine pathology | Biopsy analysis, hormone level testing, genetic testing |
| Endocrine Surgery | Surgical treatment of endocrine gland disorders | 4-year medical degree, residency in general surgery, fellowship in endocrine surgery | Thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy, adrenalectomy |
| Endocrinology | Diagnosis and treatment of hormonal disorders | 3-4 years of residency training in internal medicine or pediatrics, plus 2-3 years of additional training in endocrinology | Hormone replacement therapy, management of thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary disorders |
| Endodontology | Treatment and study of dental pulp and root canal system | Specialized training in endodontics as a field of dentistry | Root canal therapy, apexification, vital pulp therapy |
| Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) | Diagnosis and treatment of problems in the bile and pancreatic ducts | Completion of a gastroenterology fellowship with specialized training in ERCP | Endoscopic procedures to examine and treat bile duct and pancreatic duct disorders |
| Endourology | Minimally invasive treatment of urological disorders | Urological training with additional subspecialty training | Kidney stone removal, prostate surgery, ureteral stent placement |
| Endovascular Neurosurgery | Minimally invasive treatment of brain and spinal cord disorders | Additional fellowship training in endovascular techniques | Embolization, thrombectomy, aneurysm repair |
| Endovascular Surgery | Minimally invasive treatment of vascular diseases using catheter-based techniques | Training in vascular surgery and endovascular techniques | Angioplasty, stenting, embolization, thrombectomy |
| Enfermedades Infecciosas | Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infectious diseases | Specialized training in infectious disease medicine, including residency and fellowship | Diagnostic testing, antimicrobial therapy, infection control |
| Enterology | The study and treatment of the small and large intestines | Completion of a gastroenterology fellowship | Colonoscopy, endoscopy, biopsies, treatments for disorders like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis |
| Entomology | Study of insects and their relationship to humans, animals and the environment | Specialized graduate-level training in entomology | Insect identification, population sampling, pest management |
| Entrepreneurial Medicine | Application of business principles and entrepreneurship to healthcare innovation | Medical degree plus additional business/entrepreneurship training | Developing and commercializing medical products/services |
| Environmental and Occupational Medicine | Prevention and treatment of illnesses and injuries related to the environment and workplace | 4-year medical degree, residency in preventive medicine or occupational medicine | Workplace safety assessments, exposure monitoring, treatment of work-related injuries |
| Epidemiological Genetics | Application of genetic and genomic principles to the study of disease patterns in populations | Medical/scientific training with focus on genetics and epidemiology | Genetic epidemiology studies, genome-wide association studies |
| Epidemiological Modeling | Mathematical modeling of disease transmission and population health | Advanced degrees in epidemiology, biostatistics, or applied mathematics | Projecting disease spread, evaluating intervention effectiveness, forecasting outbreaks |
| Epidemiology | Study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in populations | Graduate-level training in public health, often including a Master’s or Ph.D. degree | Outbreak investigation, disease surveillance, risk factor analysis |
| Epilepsy Monitoring | Diagnosis and evaluation of seizure disorders | Additional training in electroencephalography (EEG) | Video-EEG monitoring, seizure localization |
| Epilepsy Surgery | Surgical treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy | Neurosurgical training with specialized epilepsy focus | Temporal lobectomy, corpus callosotomy, vagus nerve stimulation |
| Epileptology | Diagnosis, treatment, and management of epilepsy and seizure disorders | Specialized training in neurology and neurophysiology | EEG, video-EEG monitoring, surgical treatment of epilepsy |
| Ergonomics | Optimization of human-system interactions to enhance health, safety, and performance | Specialized training in human factors, biomechanics, and workplace design | Workstation assessments, job task analysis, injury prevention programs |
| Esophageal Surgery | Surgical treatment of disorders affecting the esophagus | 5-7 years of residency training in general surgery, plus additional training in esophageal surgery | Esophagectomy, repair of esophageal perforations, treatment of esophageal cancer |
| Esthetic Dermatology | Cosmetic treatments for skin, hair, and nails | Dermatology residency with additional training | Chemical peels, laser treatments, injectables |
| Esthetic Medicine | Non-surgical cosmetic procedures to enhance appearance and address aging-related changes | Training in dermatology, plastic surgery, and aesthetic techniques | Botox injections, fillers, laser treatments, skin resurfacing |
| Eugenics | Study of improving the genetic quality of a human population | Historical practice with ethical concerns, no longer considered a legitimate medical specialty | Sterilization, selective breeding, genetic screening |
| Evoked Potentials | Measurement and analysis of electrical responses in the nervous system to various sensory stimuli | Training in neurology, neurophysiology, and clinical neurophysiology | Visual, auditory, and somatosensory evoked potential testing |
Descriptions
Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT)
A medical specialty focused on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders of the ears, nose, and throat, as well as related structures of the head and neck.
Echocardiography
A medical specialty that uses echocardiography, a type of ultrasound imaging, to diagnose and monitor various heart conditions.
Elastography
A medical imaging technique that assesses the stiffness of tissues, useful for diagnosing liver fibrosis, breast lesions, and other conditions.
Electroencephalography
Specializes in the recording and interpretation of electrical signals from the brain to diagnose neurological disorders, epilepsy, and other conditions affecting brain function.
Electromyography (EMG)
A diagnostic test that records the electrical activity of muscles to help detect neuromuscular disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or myasthenia gravis.
Electron Beam Tomography (EBT)
A type of computed tomography (CT) scan that uses electron beams to create high-resolution images of the heart and coronary arteries, allowing for early detection of heart disease.
Electron Microscopy
Focuses on employing powerful electron microscopes to examine the ultrastructure of cells, tissues, and other biological materials at the nanoscale level, providing insights into disease processes and cellular function.
Embryology
Specializes in the study of human embryonic and fetal development, including the formation and growth of organs, tissues, and body systems, to understand and address congenital abnormalities and support healthy prenatal development.
Embryonic Medicine
Embryonic medicine focuses on the care and management of the developing embryo and fetus, aiming to prevent, diagnose, and treat congenital anomalies and genetic disorders during the prenatal period.
Embryonic Stem Cell Research
The study of human embryonic stem cells and their applications in regenerative medicine, drug discovery, and understanding early human development.
Emergency Medicine
A medical specialty focused on the immediate care and stabilization of patients with acute, life-threatening illnesses or injuries, often in an emergency department setting.
Emergency Radiology
Focuses on the timely and accurate interpretation of medical imaging studies to support the diagnosis and management of acute, life-threatening conditions in emergency department settings.
Endobronchial Ultrasound
Specializes in the use of ultrasound guidance to examine and perform interventions within the airways, facilitating the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, infections, and other respiratory conditions.
Endocrine Oncology
Endocrine oncology is a subspecialty that addresses the unique challenges of cancers affecting the endocrine system, including hormone-producing glands and their effects on the body’s metabolic processes.
Endocrine Pathology
The study of the diseases and abnormalities of the endocrine glands, such as the thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary glands, and their impact on hormone production and metabolism.
Endocrine Surgery
Focuses on the surgical management of diseases and conditions affecting the endocrine system, including the thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pituitary glands, to restore normal hormone production and function.
Endocrinology
A medical specialty that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of conditions related to hormones and the endocrine system, including the thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary glands.
Endodontology
A dental specialty focused on the study and treatment of the dental pulp (soft inner core of a tooth) and the root canal system.
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
A procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and gallbladder.
Endourology
A subspecialty of urology that focuses on the use of endoscopic techniques to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the urinary tract.
Endovascular Neurosurgery
Subspecialty of neurosurgery that uses catheter-based interventions to treat conditions like stroke, brain aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and spinal cord vascular lesions.
Endovascular Surgery
Endovascular surgery involves the use of catheters, stents, and other devices to treat conditions like aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease, and stroke without open surgical procedures.
Enfermedades Infecciosas
A medical specialty dedicated to the study, diagnosis and management of infections caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites.
Enterology
The branch of medicine focused on the diagnosis and management of diseases and disorders affecting the small and large intestines.
Entomology
The scientific study of insects, including their biology, ecology, evolution and interactions with other organisms.
Entrepreneurial Medicine
A field that explores how physicians can apply entrepreneurial mindsets and skills to improve healthcare delivery, create innovative solutions and drive positive change in the medical industry.
Environmental and Occupational Medicine
Focuses on identifying, evaluating, and managing health risks associated with environmental and occupational factors, such as toxic exposures, ergonomic hazards, and workplace accidents, to promote the health and safety of workers and the public.
Epidemiological Genetics
Examines how genetic factors influence the distribution and determinants of disease in human populations, informing public health interventions and precision medicine.
Epidemiological Modeling
The development and application of mathematical models to understand the dynamics of disease transmission and population-level health outcomes.
Epidemiology
A medical specialty that focuses on the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in populations, and the application of this knowledge to improve public health.
Epilepsy Monitoring
Specialty focused on the comprehensive assessment of patients with known or suspected epilepsy, using continuous video-EEG monitoring to identify seizure type, frequency, and focus for optimal treatment.
Epilepsy Surgery
A subspecialty of neurosurgery that involves the surgical removal or disconnection of the brain regions responsible for drug-resistant epileptic seizures.
Epileptology
Epileptology is the medical specialty focused on the comprehensive care of patients with epilepsy, including the use of advanced diagnostic techniques and the development of personalized treatment plans.
Ergonomics
A medical specialty that focuses on the study of how people interact with their environment, tools, and equipment, with the goal of improving safety, health, and productivity in the workplace and other settings.
Esophageal Surgery
A medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment of conditions affecting the esophagus, the tube that connects the throat to the stomach.
Esthetic Dermatology
Subspecialty of dermatology focused on the non-surgical improvement of appearance, using techniques like botulinum toxin, fillers, lasers, and other cosmetic procedures to enhance facial features and skin quality.
Esthetic Medicine
Esthetic medicine focuses on the use of minimally invasive techniques to improve the appearance of the skin, face, and body, often addressing concerns like wrinkles, pigmentation, and volume loss.
Eugenics
A controversial and unethical historical practice that aimed to improve the genetic quality of a human population, often through coercive measures such as forced sterilization or selective breeding. This practice is no longer considered a legitimate medical specialty due to its eugenic and discriminatory nature.
Evoked Potentials
Evoked potentials is a neurophysiological technique that records the brain’s electrical responses to specific sensory inputs, providing insights into the function of the sensory and motor pathways of the nervous system.
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