0 — No Italian last names that start with H meet the criteria. This result reflects a real pattern in Italian language and naming: H rarely begins native Italian words and is usually silent or an orthographic marker (appearing after C or G as ch or gh). Authoritative sources such as ISTAT surname data, Italian phone directories, and archival parish records show virtually no historically Italian surnames with initial H.

Understand the reasons for this absence. Latin and the evolution of Italian do not favor an initial /h/ sound, so few native words — and therefore few native surnames — begin with H. When H does appear at the start of a surname in modern Italian records, it usually signals foreign origin (Germanic or Slavic names, or recent immigrants) or comes from border regions with Germanic influence. Search instead for related categories: surnames that contain H after C or G (Ch-, Gh-), foreign-origin names found in regional registries, or names with particles like d’H/ O’H that indicate external derivation. Follow ISTAT, archival records, and etymological dictionaries for verification and prioritize letters with stronger native surname traditions for the A–Z project.