This list covers 36 medical specialties, starting with “Pediatrics” and ending with “Pediatric Infectious Disease.” These fields range from broad, well-known areas of care to narrow subspecialties that focus on specific organs, age groups, or conditions. Doctors and patients rely on this range of specialties to get the right kind of care, from routine checkups to complex, targeted treatment for rare or serious problems.
Medical specialties are distinct branches of medicine where doctors focus their training and practice on a particular body system, patient group, or type of disease. Many specialties branch into even more focused subspecialties, which is why pediatrics alone gives rise to more than a dozen fields on this list, from pediatric cardiology to pediatric dentistry. This kind of specialization has grown alongside medical knowledge, letting doctors master smaller areas in far greater depth.
Below you’ll find the table with the medical specialty and its description.
Medical Specialty: the name of the field of medicine, so you can quickly spot the one you’re looking for or discover new ones.
Description: a short, clear explanation of what the specialty covers and treats, helping you understand its role in patient care.
Medical specialties
| Medical Specialty |
|---|
| Pediatrics |
| Psychiatry |
| Pathology |
| Pulmonology |
| Plastic Surgery |
| Podiatry |
| Proctology |
| Periodontics |
| Prosthodontics |
| Physiatry |
| Pharmacology |
| Preventive Medicine |
| Perinatology |
| Pain Management |
| Palliative Care |
| Parasitology |
| Phlebology |
| Phoniatrics |
| Psychoanalysis |
| Psychosomatic Medicine |
| Pediatric Cardiology |
| Pediatric Surgery |
| Pediatric Oncology |
| Pediatric Neurology |
| Pediatric Endocrinology |
| Pediatric Nephrology |
| Pediatric Gastroenterology |
| Pediatric Rheumatology |
| Pediatric Dermatology |
| Pediatric Dentistry |
| Pediatric Emergency Medicine |
| Pediatric Anesthesiology |
| Pediatric Hematology |
| Pediatric Ophthalmology |
| Pediatric Urology |
| Pediatric Infectious Disease |
Descriptions
Pediatrics
The branch of medicine focused on the health, growth, and diseases of infants, children, and adolescents, covering everything from routine checkups to complex childhood illnesses.
Psychiatry
The medical field dedicated to diagnosing, treating, and preventing mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders, often combining therapy with medication management.
Pathology
The study of disease through examination of tissues, cells, and body fluids, helping doctors diagnose conditions accurately via lab tests and biopsies.
Pulmonology
A specialty centered on the respiratory system, treating conditions like asthma, COPD, pneumonia, and other lung and breathing disorders.
Plastic Surgery
A surgical specialty focused on reconstructing or reshaping the body, whether for injury repair, congenital defects, or cosmetic enhancement.
Podiatry
The branch of medicine devoted to diagnosing and treating conditions of the feet, ankles, and lower legs, from bunions to sports injuries.
Proctology
A specialty dealing with disorders of the rectum, anus, and colon, often overlapping with colorectal surgery and gastroenterology.
Periodontics
A dental specialty focused on the gums and supporting structures of the teeth, treating gum disease and placing dental implants.
Prosthodontics
A dental specialty concerned with designing and fitting artificial replacements for missing teeth and jaw structures, like dentures and crowns.
Physiatry
Also called Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, this specialty helps patients recover function and manage pain after injury, illness, or disability.
Pharmacology
The science of how drugs interact with the body, guiding safe and effective medication use across every branch of medicine.
Preventive Medicine
A specialty focused on protecting and promoting health and well-being, aiming to prevent disease, disability, and premature death before they occur.
Perinatology
A subspecialty of obstetrics that manages high-risk pregnancies, monitoring the health of both mother and baby during complicated pregnancies.
Pain Management
A specialty dedicated to diagnosing and treating chronic and acute pain using medication, injections, physical therapy, and other techniques.
Palliative Care
A specialty focused on improving quality of life for people with serious illnesses by relieving symptoms, pain, and stress.
Parasitology
A field of medicine centered on diagnosing and treating diseases caused by parasites, such as malaria and intestinal worms.
Phlebology
A specialty focused on diagnosing and treating vein disorders, including varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency.
Phoniatrics
A specialty dealing with disorders of the voice, speech, and swallowing, often working closely with otolaryngologists and speech therapists.
Psychoanalysis
A therapeutic approach and specialty within mental health that explores unconscious thoughts and past experiences to treat psychological distress.
Psychosomatic Medicine
A specialty examining how psychological factors affect physical health, treating conditions where mind and body symptoms are closely linked.
Pediatric Cardiology
A subspecialty of pediatrics focused on diagnosing and treating heart conditions in infants, children, and adolescents.
Pediatric Surgery
A surgical subspecialty dedicated to operating on infants, children, and teenagers, addressing conditions unique to younger patients.
Pediatric Oncology
A subspecialty treating cancers in children, combining chemotherapy, surgery, and supportive care tailored to young patients.
Pediatric Neurology
A subspecialty focused on disorders of the brain, spine, and nervous system in children, including epilepsy and developmental conditions.
Pediatric Endocrinology
A subspecialty managing hormone-related conditions in children, such as growth disorders, diabetes, and thyroid problems.
Pediatric Nephrology
A subspecialty focused on kidney diseases and urinary conditions affecting infants and children.
Pediatric Gastroenterology
A subspecialty treating digestive system disorders in children, including feeding issues, reflux, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Pediatric Rheumatology
A subspecialty diagnosing and treating autoimmune and joint conditions in children, such as juvenile arthritis.
Pediatric Dermatology
A subspecialty focused on skin, hair, and nail conditions unique to infants, children, and teenagers.
Pediatric Dentistry
Also called pedodontics, this dental specialty focuses on oral health care for children from infancy through the teenage years.
Pediatric Emergency Medicine
A subspecialty providing urgent, specialized care for acutely ill or injured infants and children.
Pediatric Anesthesiology
A subspecialty focused on safely administering anesthesia to children during surgery or medical procedures.
Pediatric Hematology
A subspecialty treating blood disorders in children, including anemia, clotting problems, and pediatric blood cancers.
Pediatric Ophthalmology
A subspecialty focused on diagnosing and treating eye conditions and vision problems in infants and children.
Pediatric Urology
A subspecialty addressing urinary tract and genital conditions in infants and children.
Pediatric Infectious Disease
A subspecialty focused on diagnosing and managing infections in children, including unusual or hard-to-treat cases.