There are 128 nature words that start with the letter T. From Tabby Cat to Typhoon. Nature words encompass a vast array of terms that describe the natural world, including flora, fauna, geological formations, weather phenomena, and ecosystems. These words are essential in both scientific and everyday language, allowing for effective communication about the various elements and processes that shape our environment. The richness of natural vocabulary reflects the diversity and complexity of nature itself, ranging from common terms that anyone can understand to specialized terminology used by scientists and environmentalists. Understanding and utilizing nature words can enhance appreciation for the interconnectedness of life on Earth and the importance of preserving our natural resources.

An interesting fun fact about nature words is that many of them have etymological roots in ancient languages, such as Greek and Latin. For instance, the word “ecosystem” is derived from the Greek word “oikos,” meaning “house,” and “system,” indicating an organized whole. This etymology highlights how human language has evolved to describe nature and its intricate relationships over millennia, reflecting humanity’s enduring curiosity and connection to the environment.

Here’s what each of the columns in the table means:

Field: This column represents the specific area of study or interest related to the nature word, indicating whether it pertains to ecology, biology, geology, or another branch of natural sciences.

Definition: This column provides a concise and clear explanation of the term, giving users a straightforward understanding of what the word means in the context of nature.

Description: This column offers additional context or elaboration about the term, which may include examples, usage, relevance in scientific research, or significance in ecological discussions, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the word’s application and importance.

Nature words That Start With T

Nature words field definition
Tabby Cat animal A domestic cat with a distinctive striped or mottled coat pattern
Tabebuia Tree A genus of flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae, native to tropical regions of the Americas. They are known for their showy, trumpet-shaped flowers that bloom in a variety of colors, including yellow, pink, and white.
Tagua Plant Also known as the ‘vegetable ivory’ palm
Tagua Nut plant A hard, nut-like fruit from a palm tree native to South America
Taiga Biome A forest biome characterized by coniferous trees, typically found in the subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
Taimyr Peninsula Geographical Feature A large peninsula located in the Russian Arctic, known for its vast, treeless tundra landscapes.
Takhi animal the last remaining wild horse species
Tallgrass Prairie ecosystem A grassland ecosystem dominated by tall, perennial grasses.
Tallow Tree Tree A species of tree native to East Asia, valued for its waxy, tallow-like fruit.
Tamandua animal a small, insect-eating mammal related to the anteater
Tamarack plant A deciduous coniferous tree native to northern North America
Tamarao animal a small, critically endangered buffalo native to the Philippine island of Mindoro
Tamaraw Mammal A critically endangered species of small, stocky wild buffalo found only in the Philippines.
Tamarin animal A small New World monkey known for its distinctive facial features and cooperative social structure.
Tamarind Tree A tree native to tropical regions of Africa and Asia, known for its edible, pod-like fruit.
Tamarisk Shrub A genus of flowering shrubs or small trees, native to drier regions of Eurasia and North Africa.
Tamarix plant a genus of flowering plants native to Eurasia and Africa
Tanager animal a small brightly colored songbird of the Americas
Tanbark Oak plant a tree species native to the western United States
Tanganyika Lake ecosystem the world’s second-largest freshwater lake by volume
Tangelo plant a citrus fruit that is a hybrid of a tangerine and a pomelo
Tangles phenomenon The dense, interwoven growth of plant stems, branches, and roots.
Tanglewood Geographical Feature A wooded area in the Berkshire Hills of western Massachusetts, known for its natural beauty and as the summer home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra.
Tanoak Tree A species of oak tree native to the Pacific Coast of North America, found from Oregon to California.
Tansy Plant A flowering herb in the aster family
Tapir animal a large, herbivorous mammal native to Central and South America
Tarantula Arachnid A large, hairy spider found primarily in warm, dry regions of the world.
Taraxacum plant a genus of flowering plants commonly known as dandelions
Tardigrade animal A microscopic, eight-legged creature found in a variety of habitats
Tardigrades animal microscopic organisms that can survive extreme environments
Taro plant a starchy, tuberous plant cultivated for its edible roots
Tarragon Herb A perennial herb native to Siberia and Central Asia, known for its distinctive, licorice-like flavor.
Tasmanian Devil Animal A carnivorous marsupial native to Tasmania
Tasseled Wobbegong animal a species of carpet shark found in the waters of Australia and Indonesia
Tawny Frogmouth animal a nocturnal bird of prey found in Australia
Tawny Owl Bird A medium-sized owl species found throughout Europe and Asia, known for its distinctive, golden-brown plumage.
Taxodium Tree A genus of deciduous, coniferous trees, native to North America and Mexico.
Taxus plant a genus of yew trees and shrubs, known for their toxicity
Teak plant A valuable tropical hardwood tree native to Southeast Asia
Teal animal a small, diving duck with distinctive coloring
Tectona plant a genus of tropical hardwood trees, including the teak tree
Teff plant a small, nutritious grain native to the Horn of Africa
Temperate Deciduous Forest ecosystem a forest ecosystem characterized by trees that shed their leaves seasonally
Temperate Grassland Biome A biome characterized by vast, open expanses of grasses and other herbaceous plants, found in regions with moderate rainfall and temperatures.
Temperate Rainforest Biome A type of forest ecosystem found in cool, moist regions, characterized by tall, evergreen trees and a dense understory.
Temptation Plant A cultivar of the lilac plant, known for its large, fragrant flower clusters.
Tenerife environment the largest of the Canary Islands, a Spanish archipelago off the northwest coast of Africa
Tephrosia Shrub A genus of flowering shrubs and herbs, native to tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
Terai ecosystem a belt of marshy grasslands and forests in South Asia
Terminalia Tree A genus of large, often evergreen trees, native to tropical regions of the world.
Termite animal a small, wood-eating insect that lives in colonies
Termite Mound structure a large, complex structure built by termites
Tern Bird A family of seabirds known for their graceful, streamlined appearance and their distinctive forked tails.
Tetrapanax Shrub A genus of large, evergreen shrubs or small trees, native to East Asia.
Thale Cress plant a small, flowering plant used in genetic research
Thatch Palm Tree A species of palm tree native to the Caribbean and Central America, known for its thatched, fan-shaped leaves.
Thicket Ecosystem A dense, impenetrable growth of shrubs and small trees
Thimbleberry Shrub A species of flowering, raspberry-like plant native to western North America.
Thoreau, Henry David person an American writer, philosopher, and naturalist
Thorn Apple plant a plant with large, spiny seed pods that can be toxic
Thorn Palm Tree A species of palm tree native to Central and South America, known for its distinctive, spiny trunk and leaves.
Thornapple Plant A genus of poisonous, flowering plants in the nightshade family, found throughout the world.
Thornbill animal a small, insect-eating bird found in South America
Thornscrub Ecosystem A type of xerophytic, shrubby vegetation
Thorny Devil animal a small, spiny lizard native to the deserts of Australia
Thousand-Canker Disease Disease A fungal disease that affects certain species of walnut trees, causing them to decline and die.
Thousand-Canker Walnut Tree A species of walnut tree that is susceptible to the thousand-canker disease, a fungal infection spread by the walnut twig beetle.
Thrasher animal a type of songbird known for its loud, energetic singing
Threadfin Shad Fish A species of small, silvery fish found in freshwater and brackish habitats in North America.
Threadleaf Coreopsis Flower A species of flowering plant in the daisy family, native to eastern and central North America.
Thuja Tree Also known as the ‘arbor vitae’ or ‘white cedar’
Thunderstorm Weather An intense, localized weather event
Thylacine Mammal A carnivorous marsupial that was native to Australia and Tasmania, also known as the Tasmanian tiger.
Tick Arthropod A small, parasitic arachnid
Tidal Marsh Ecosystem A type of wetland ecosystem found along coastal areas, where the land is regularly flooded by the tide.
Tideland Ecosystem The area between the high and low tide lines
Tiger Beetle Insect A group of predatory beetles known for their speed, agility, and distinctive coloration.
Tiger Lily Flower A species of lily plant native to Asia, known for its distinctive, orange-red flowers with dark spots.
Tilapia animal a freshwater fish that is an important food source in many regions
Timber Rattlesnake Reptile A venomous snake species found in the eastern United States, known for its distinctive rattle and its ability to camouflage itself in forested environments.
Timberline Ecosystem The upper elevation limit of tree growth
Timberwolf Animal Also known as the ‘gray wolf’
Tinamou Bird A ground-dwelling bird native to Central and South America
Tipu Tree Tree A species of flowering tree native to South America, known for its showy, yellow blossoms.
Tipuana Tree Also known as the ‘rosewood tree’
Titanoboa Reptile A genus of extinct, giant snakes that lived in South America during the Paleocene epoch, around 60 million years ago.
Titi Monkey Mammal A genus of small, New World monkeys found in the tropical forests of South America.
Toad Amphibian A type of small, squat-bodied amphibian that is adapted to live on land, rather than in water.
Toadflax plant a flowering plant in the plantain family
Toadstool plant a type of mushroom that is typically poisonous
Toco Toucan Bird The largest species of toucan
Tokarevskia Plant A genus of herbaceous plants in the carrot family, native to Central Asia.
Tomato Plant A vine-growing, flowering plant that produces edible, often red, fruit.
Tonga environment an island nation in the South Pacific Ocean
Torch Lily plant a type of flowering plant in the family Asphodelaceae
Torchwood plant a genus of succulent plants native to the Americas
Torrey Pine Tree A rare and endangered species of pine tree found only in a small, coastal region of California.
Tortoise Reptile A type of land-dwelling, herbivorous turtle found in various parts of the world.
Toucan Bird A large, brightly colored bird found in the tropical forests of Central and South America.
Toxicodendron Shrub A genus of plants in the cashew family, known for their ability to cause skin irritation and allergic reactions in humans.
Tragopan animal a type of pheasant found in the Himalayas and other mountain ranges of Asia
Tragopogon plant a genus of flowering plants commonly known as goat’s beards
Transition Zone Ecosystem An area of overlap between two or more biomes
Traveller’s Palm plant a plant with large, fan-shaped leaves that resemble a hand
Tree Fern plant a fern with a tall, woody trunk that resembles a tree
Trembling Aspen Tree A species of poplar native to North America
Trichoderma Fungus A genus of fungi used in biological control
Trichome Plant Structure Hair-like structures on the surface of plants
Trifolium plant a genus of flowering plants commonly known as clovers
Trillium plant a genus of flowering plants with three-petaled flowers
Tropic of Cancer geographic the latitude line north of the equator where the sun is directly overhead at the summer solstice
Tropic of Capricorn geographic the latitude line south of the equator where the sun is directly overhead at the winter solstice
Tropical Dry Forest ecosystem a forest ecosystem characterized by a dry, seasonal climate
Tropical Rainforest ecosystem a forest ecosystem characterized by high rainfall and lush vegetation
Trumpet Flower Plant Also known as ‘angel’s trumpet’
Trumpet Vine plant a climbing vine with showy, trumpet-shaped flowers
Trumpeter Swan animal the largest species of swan native to North America
Tsetse Fly animal a species of biting fly found in parts of Africa
Tule plant a tall, reed-like plant found in wetland habitats
Tundra ecosystem a cold, treeless biome found in polar and high-altitude regions
Tupelo Tree Also known as the ‘black gum’ or ‘sour gum’
Turbinella animal a genus of marine snails found in tropical and subtropical oceans
Turmeric plant a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant in the ginger family
Turpentine Tree plant a species of tree native to the southeastern United States
Tussock plant a dense, grassy growth that forms mounds or tufts
Tussock Moth animal a type of moth whose larvae are known as tussock caterpillars
Twilight Zone geographic the region of the ocean below the sunlit surface, where little light penetrates
Typhoon weather a tropical cyclone that occurs in the western Pacific or Indian Oceans

Descriptions

Tabby Cat
The tabby coat pattern is one of the most common and recognizable in domestic cats. It is characterized by stripes, whorls, or a mottled appearance, often with a distinctive ‘M’ marking on the forehead.
Tabebuia
Tabebuia trees are valued for their timber and ornamental qualities, and some species are grown as shade trees or in landscaping.
Tagua
Tagua nuts are produced by certain palm tree species found in South America. They were historically used as a substitute for elephant ivory in the manufacture of buttons, jewelry, and other small objects. Today, they are still used in crafts and as a sustainable alternative to ivory.
Tagua Nut
The tagua nut is also known as the ‘vegetable ivory’ due to its resemblance to elephant ivory. It is used in the production of buttons, jewelry, and other small carved items.
Taiga
The taiga is the world’s largest terrestrial biome, covering large parts of North America, Europe, and Asia. It is known for its long, cold winters and a relatively short growing season.
Taimyr Peninsula
The Taimyr Peninsula is home to a diverse array of Arctic wildlife, including the critically endangered Siberian tiger, as well as various species of birds, reindeer, and other mammals.
Takhi
Also known as the Przewalski’s horse, the takhi is a small, stocky wild horse native to the grasslands of Central Asia. Long thought to be extinct in the wild, conservation efforts have reintroduced this endangered species to its historic range.
Tallgrass Prairie
The tallgrass prairie, once covering vast areas of the central United States, is characterized by a diverse community of grasses, wildflowers, and other plant species that adapted to the region’s periodic fires and grazing by large herbivores.
Tallow Tree
The tallow tree, also known as the Chinese tallow or popcorn tree, is widely cultivated for its ornamental value and the production of vegetable tallow, which is used in a variety of industrial and household applications.
Tamandua
The tamandua is a medium-sized, arboreal anteater found in Central and South America. It has a prehensile tail and long, sticky tongue that it uses to feed on ants, termites, and other insects in the forest canopy.
Tamarack
The tamarack, also known as the Eastern Larch, is the only deciduous conifer in North America. It sheds its needles in the fall, turning a vibrant golden color before dropping them.
Tamarao
The tamarao is a small, stocky buffalo with distinctive horns that curve upwards. It is one of the rarest and most endangered mammals in the world, with fewer than 500 individuals remaining in the wild.
Tamaraw
The tamaraw is a unique and distinct subspecies of the Asian buffalo, with distinctive horns and a distinctive brown-black coat. It is threatened by habitat loss and hunting, and conservation efforts are ongoing to protect this rare and iconic species.
Tamarin
Tamarins are found in the tropical forests of Central and South America and are known for their striking facial markings, their ability to use tools, and their complex social behaviors, including cooperative care of their young.
Tamarind
The tamarind tree is highly valued for its fruit, which is used in a variety of culinary and medicinal applications. The fruit has a distinctive sour-sweet flavor and is often used in curries, chutneys, and other dishes.
Tamarisk
Tamarisk, also known as saltcedar, is a highly invasive species that has spread to many parts of the world, often crowding out native vegetation and disrupting natural ecosystems. It is known for its distinctive, feathery foliage and ability to tolerate high levels of salinity.
Tamarix
Tamarix, also known as saltcedars, are a group of shrubs and small trees characterized by their feathery foliage and small pink or white flowers. They are known for their high tolerance of saline and dry conditions.
Tanager
Tanagers are a diverse group of small, brightly colored songbirds found throughout the Americas. They are known for their vibrant plumage, which can include shades of red, yellow, blue, and black.
Tanbark Oak
The tanbark oak is an evergreen tree known for its thick, furrowed bark that was historically used for tanning leather. It is an important food source for wildlife and is threatened by sudden oak death disease.
Tanganyika Lake
Lake Tanganyika is an ancient, rift lake located in East Africa, bordering the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Burundi, and Zambia. It is renowned for its high biodiversity, including numerous endemic species of fish, mollusks, and crustaceans.
Tangelo
Tangelos are a type of citrus fruit that is a cross between a tangerine and a pomelo. They have a distinctive shape and a sweet, slightly tangy flavor.
Tangles
Tangles can form in various natural environments, such as forests, wetlands, and coastal areas, and can create barriers for movement, provide shelter and habitat for wildlife, and play a role in nutrient cycling and soil formation.
Tanglewood
Tanglewood is a beloved cultural and natural attraction, offering visitors the opportunity to enjoy classical music performances in an idyllic, wooded setting. The area is also renowned for its hiking trails, picnic areas, and opportunities for wildlife viewing.
Tanoak
The tanoak is a large, evergreen tree that is valued for its timber and acorns, which were an important food source for Native American communities. It is also an important component of the region’s diverse forest ecosystems.
Tansy
Tansy is a perennial plant with yellow, button-like flowers and finely divided, fernlike leaves. It has a strong, pungent aroma and was historically used for medicinal and culinary purposes, but is now considered an invasive weed in many regions.
Tapir
Tapirs are large, stocky mammals with a distinctive proboscis-like snout. They are the only surviving members of the order Perissodactyla, which also includes horses and rhinoceroses.
Tarantula
Tarantulas are known for their impressive size, docile nature, and the fact that they are not typically aggressive towards humans. They play an important role in their ecosystems, serving as both predators and prey for a variety of other animals.
Taraxacum
Taraxacum, or dandelions, are a widespread and familiar genus of flowering plants. They are known for their bright yellow flowers and resilient, ubiquitous nature.
Tardigrade
Also known as ‘water bears,’ tardigrades are remarkably resilient animals that can survive in some of the most extreme environments on Earth, including the vacuum of space.
Tardigrades
Also known as ‘water bears,’ tardigrades are tiny, eight-legged creatures that can withstand extreme conditions such as high radiation, lack of water, and even exposure to the vacuum of space. They are found in a variety of habitats, from mountaintops to the deep ocean.
Taro
Taro is a starchy, tuberous plant that is a staple food in many tropical regions. The roots are often cooked and eaten, while the leaves can also be used as a vegetable.
Tarragon
Tarragon is a widely used culinary herb, commonly found in French cuisine, where it is used to flavor a variety of dishes, including sauces, vinegars, and meat and poultry dishes. It is also valued for its medicinal properties and has been used in traditional medicine to treat a range of ailments.
Tasmanian Devil
The Tasmanian devil is a small, black-furred mammal known for its loud, growling vocalizations and aggressive behavior. It is the largest living carnivorous marsupial and plays an important role in the ecosystem by helping to control populations of smaller animals.
Tasseled Wobbegong
The tasseled wobbegong is a camouflaged bottom-dwelling shark known for its ornate, fringe-like skin patterns that help it blend into its reef habitat. It uses its flattened body and specialized fins to ambush prey.
Tawny Frogmouth
The tawny frogmouth is a medium-sized, nocturnal bird native to Australia. It is known for its distinctive, wide, frog-like beak and its ability to camouflage itself by sitting motionless on tree branches, resembling a broken tree stump.
Tawny Owl
The tawny owl is a nocturnal predator that feeds on a variety of small mammals, birds, and insects. It is a skilled hunter, using its sharp talons and keen eyesight to locate and capture its prey. The tawny owl is also known for its characteristic hoot” call
Taxodium
The Taxodium genus includes the bald cypress and pond cypress, which are known for their distinctive, knobby knees” that emerge from the water in which they grow. These trees are highly valued for their wood
Taxus
Taxus, or yew trees, are a genus of evergreen trees and shrubs known for their dense, dark foliage and their highly poisonous parts, which can be fatal if ingested.
Teak
Teak is prized for its durability, weather resistance, and attractive grain pattern, making it a valuable timber for use in outdoor furniture, decking, and shipbuilding.
Teal
Teals are small, colorful ducks that are known for their distinctive green and blue plumage. They are found in wetland habitats around the world and are popular among birdwatchers and hunters.
Tectona
Tectona is a genus of tropical hardwood trees, the most famous of which is the teak tree. Teak is highly valued for its durability, weather resistance, and beautiful grain, making it a popular choice for furniture and construction.
Teff
Teff is a small, gluten-free grain that is a staple food in many parts of the Horn of Africa. It is known for its high nutritional value and is used to make the traditional Ethiopian bread, injera.
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Temperate deciduous forests are characterized by trees that shed their leaves in the fall and regrow them in the spring. These forests are found in regions with moderate temperatures and distinct seasons, and are home to a diverse array of plant and animal life.
Temperate Grassland
Temperate grasslands are found on every continent except Antarctica and are home to a diverse array of plant and animal life, including large herbivores such as bison, antelope, and wildebeest. They are also important for agricultural production and the provision of ecosystem services.
Temperate Rainforest
Temperate rainforests are found in coastal regions of the Pacific Northwest, as well as in parts of Europe, Asia, and South America. They are known for their lush, moss-covered vegetation, high levels of biodiversity, and the important role they play in the global carbon cycle.
Temptation
The Temptation lilac is a popular ornamental plant, prized for its showy, lavender-colored blooms and its ability to thrive in a variety of growing conditions. It is a favorite among gardeners and landscapers for its beauty and its ability to attract pollinators.
Tenerife
Tenerife is a volcanic island known for its diverse landscapes, including the snow-capped peak of Mount Teide, the highest point in Spain. It is a popular tourist destination and a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its unique natural and cultural heritage.
Tephrosia
Tephrosia plants are known for their pinnately compound leaves and clusters of pea-like flowers, which range in color from white to yellow, pink, and purple. Some species have been used in traditional medicine and as natural insecticides.
Terai
The Terai is a biogeographic region in South Asia, stretching across the foothills of the Himalayas in India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh. It is characterized by sal forests, tall grasslands, and wetlands that provide habitat for a diverse range of wildlife, including the Bengal tiger.
Terminalia
The Terminalia genus includes many species of important timber trees, as well as some that are valued for their medicinal or ornamental properties. These trees are known for their distinctive bark and their ability to thrive in a variety of climates and soil types.
Termite
Termites are social insects that play an important role in decomposing dead wood and recycling nutrients in many ecosystems. They build complex nests and use specialized castes to maintain their colonies, which can number in the millions of individuals.
Termite Mound
Termite mounds are the elaborate nests constructed by various species of termites, often reaching several meters in height. These mounds serve as the central hub for the termite colony, providing temperature and humidity regulation, as well as protection from predators.
Tern
Terns are found in coastal and inland habitats around the world, where they feed on small fish and other marine creatures. They are known for their impressive aerial displays and their ability to dive into the water to catch their prey.
Tetrapanax
The Tetrapanax, also known as the rice-paper plant, is valued for its distinctive, lobed leaves and its ability to grow in a variety of environments. It is often used in landscaping and gardening, and its pith has been used to make a traditional paper-like material.
Thale Cress
Thale cress, also known as Arabidopsis thaliana, is a small, flowering plant that is widely used in genetic research. It has a small genome and a short life cycle, making it an ideal model organism for studying plant biology and development.
Thatch Palm
The thatch palm is a versatile and adaptable tree that has been used for centuries in traditional construction and as a source of food and other materials. Its leaves are particularly valued for their use in thatching roofs, which has given the tree its common name.
Thicket
A thicket is a type of ecosystem dominated by a tangle of woody plants, including brambles, vines, and small-to-medium-sized trees. Thickets provide important habitat and cover for various small mammals, birds, and other wildlife species.
Thimbleberry
The thimbleberry is a low-growing, trailing shrub that produces edible, red fruit that resembles a thimble in shape. The fruit is often used in jams, jellies, and other culinary applications, and the plant is also valued for its ornamental qualities and its ability to attract pollinators.
Thoreau, Henry David
Henry David Thoreau was a prominent figure in the 19th-century transcendentalist movement and is best known for his book ‘Walden,’ which chronicles his experience living in a small cabin in the woods and contemplating the natural world.
Thorn Apple
The thorn apple, also known as the devil’s trumpet or jimson weed, is a plant with large, spiny seed pods that can be highly toxic if ingested. It is known for its hallucinogenic properties and has been used for medicinal and recreational purposes in some cultures.
Thorn Palm
The thorn palm, also known as the macaw palm, is a slow-growing tree that is prized for its ornamental qualities and its use in traditional medicine. It is often grown in tropical and subtropical gardens, where its unique appearance and ability to tolerate a range of growing conditions make it a popular choice.
Thornapple
Thornapples, also known as Jimson weed or devil’s snare, are characterized by their large, trumpet-shaped flowers and their spiny, seed-bearing fruits. While they are highly toxic to humans and animals, some species have been used in traditional medicine and as hallucinogens.
Thornbill
The thornbills are a group of small, insectivorous birds native to South America. They are known for their sharp, pointed bills, which they use to probe crevices and foliage for insects and spiders. — MORE AVAILABLE —
Thornscrub
Thornscrub is a dense, spiny vegetation found in arid and semi-arid regions, often as a transition zone between desert and more lush, forested areas. It is characterized by drought-adapted, heavily armored plants like mesquite, acacia, and prickly pear cactus.
Thorny Devil
Also known as the thorny dragon, the thorny devil is a unique lizard species covered in sharp, protective spines. It has the ability to store water in its skin and can change color to regulate its body temperature in the harsh desert environment.
Thousand-Canker Disease
Thousand-canker disease is caused by a fungus that is spread by the walnut twig beetle. It has had a devastating impact on black walnut trees in the western United States, and efforts are underway to understand and manage the disease to protect these valuable trees.
Thousand-Canker Walnut
The thousand-canker walnut is a valuable timber tree that has been severely impacted by the spread of thousand-canker disease, which can cause the trees to decline and die within a few years of infection. Conservation efforts are underway to find ways to manage this devastating disease and protect these important trees.
Thrasher
Thrashers are a group of medium-sized birds found in North and South America that are recognized by their long, curved beaks and their tendency to aggressively ‘thrash’ through vegetation while foraging for insects and other prey.
Threadfin Shad
The threadfin shad is a important forage fish that serves as a food source for larger predatory fish, as well as for birds and other wildlife. It is known for its long, thread-like fins and its tendency to form large, dense schools that can be an important indicator of the overall health of aquatic ecosystems.
Threadleaf Coreopsis
The threadleaf coreopsis is a popular garden plant known for its delicate, yellow-orange flowers and its ability to thrive in a variety of soil and climate conditions. It is often used in wildflower gardens and as a cut flower, and is also valued for its ability to attract pollinators like bees and butterflies.
Thuja
Thuja is a genus of evergreen, coniferous trees native to North America and Asia. They are commonly used in landscaping and horticulture, valued for their dense, aromatic foliage and tolerance of a wide range of growing conditions.
Thunderstorm
A thunderstorm is a storm characterized by the presence of lightning and thunder, often accompanied by heavy rain, strong winds, and sometimes hail or tornadoes. Thunderstorms are caused by the rapid upward movement of warm, moist air, and can pose significant risks to people, property, and infrastructure.
Thylacine
The thylacine, or Tasmanian tiger, was a unique and iconic species that was hunted to extinction in the wild by the early 20th century. It was the largest known carnivorous marsupial and was known for its distinctive striped coat and wolf-like appearance. Despite extensive efforts, the thylacine has not been conclusively spotted in the wild since the 1930s.
Tick
Ticks are small, blood-feeding arthropods that can transmit various diseases to humans and animals, including Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and babesiosis. They are found worldwide, often in areas with tall grass, shrubs, or wooded habitats, and can be a significant public health concern.
Tidal Marsh
Tidal marshes are important and productive ecosystems that provide a variety of ecosystem services, including flood control, water filtration, and habitat for a diverse array of plant and animal life. They are found in both saltwater and freshwater environments and are characterized by their dense vegetation and unique adaptations to the periodic flooding and tidal conditions.
Tideland
Tidelands, also known as intertidal zones, are the areas along the coast that are periodically submerged and exposed by the rise and fall of the tides. These dynamic ecosystems support a diverse array of plant and animal life adapted to the unique environmental conditions.
Tiger Beetle
Tiger beetles are found worldwide and are known for their impressive hunting abilities, using their speed and sharp mandibles to capture a variety of small prey. They are often brightly colored, with metallic or iridescent hues, and are an important part of many terrestrial ecosystems.
Tiger Lily
The tiger lily is a popular ornamental plant that is widely cultivated for its showy, dramatic flowers and its ability to thrive in a variety of growing conditions. It is also valued for its edible bulbs and its use in traditional medicine, and is an important food source for certain wildlife species.
Tilapia
Tilapia are a group of freshwater fish that are an important source of food in many parts of the world, particularly in developing countries. They are known for their hardiness, rapid growth, and adaptability to a wide range of environmental conditions.
Timber Rattlesnake
The timber rattlesnake is an important predator in its native habitats, helping to control populations of small rodents and other prey. However, it is also a threatened species due to habitat loss, human encroachment, and persecution. Conservation efforts are ongoing to protect this iconic reptile and its fragile ecosystems.
Timberline
The timberline, or tree line, is the elevation above which trees are unable to grow due to factors such as low temperatures, high winds, and poor soil conditions. The timberline varies according to latitude and local climate, and it can serve as an indicator of environmental changes over time.
Timberwolf
The timberwolf, or gray wolf, is a large, predatory canine native to North America, Europe, and Asia. It is a key species in many ecosystems, playing a vital role in regulating populations of smaller animals and maintaining the overall balance of the food web.
Tinamou
Tinamous are a family of small to medium-sized birds that are known for their cryptic plumage and secretive behavior. They are the only living members of the order Tinamiformes and are an important component of many Neotropical ecosystems.
Tipu Tree
The tipu tree, also known as the Rosewood tree, is a fast-growing, drought-tolerant tree that is often used in landscaping and urban forestry. Its wood is valued for its durability and is used in construction and furniture-making, while its flowers are a popular source of nectar for pollinators.
Tipuana
Tipuana is a genus of large, deciduous trees native to South America. They are valued for their beautiful, fragrant flowers and durable, reddish-brown wood, which has been used for furniture, construction, and other applications.
Titanoboa
Titanoboa was the largest snake that ever existed, growing up to 43 feet (13 meters) long and weighing an estimated 2,500 pounds (1,140 kg). These massive, predatory snakes would have preyed on a variety of large animals in the lush, tropical forests of ancient South America.
Titi Monkey
Titi monkeys are known for their strong pair-bonding behavior and their distinctive calls, which are used to communicate and maintain their social groups. They are arboreal primates that live in the canopy of dense rainforests, where they feed on a variety of fruits, leaves, and insects.
Toad
Toads are a diverse group of amphibians that are found on every continent except Antarctica. They are characterized by their warty skin, short legs, and their ability to secrete toxic substances from glands on their skin as a defense mechanism. Toads play an important role in many ecosystems, serving as both predators and prey.
Toadflax
Toadflax is a perennial herb with small, snapdragon-like flowers that can be found growing wild in many parts of the world. Some species are considered invasive weeds, while others are cultivated as ornamental garden plants.
Toadstool
Toadstools are a type of mushroom that are typically poisonous and are distinguished from edible mushrooms by their appearance, which often includes a cap that is brightly colored or has a slimy texture.
Toco Toucan
The toco toucan is a distinctive, large-billed bird native to the tropical forests of South America. It is known for its brightly colored beak, which is used for foraging, and its characteristic, loud, ‘kak-kak-kak’ call that can be heard throughout its habitat.
Tokarevskia
The Tokarevskia genus includes several species of flowering plants that are adapted to the harsh, arid environments of Central Asia. They are known for their distinctive, finely divided leaves and their clusters of small, yellow or white flowers.
Tomato
The tomato is a widely cultivated and highly versatile fruit (botanically speaking) that is a staple ingredient in many cuisines around the world. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, and is an important source of food for both humans and wildlife.
Tonga
Tonga is an archipelago of over 170 islands, many of which are volcanic in origin. It is known for its pristine beaches, coral reefs, and unique cultural heritage, including the tradition of ‘Tongan whistling,’ a form of bird-like vocalization.
Torch Lily
Also known as the red-hot poker or kniphofia, the torch lily is a striking perennial with tall, spiky inflorescences in shades of red, orange, and yellow. It is a popular ornamental plant in gardens and is native to parts of Africa and Asia.
Torchwood
Torchwoods are a type of shrub or tree with thick, waxy leaves and branches that can grow to impressive sizes. They are known for their unique, fire-resistant qualities and have been used as natural torches and sources of fuel in some regions.
Torrey Pine
The Torrey pine is one of the rarest and most endangered pine species in the world, with a natural range limited to a few locations in San Diego County, California. It is known for its distinctive, irregular growth habit and its ability to thrive in the harsh, coastal environment.
Tortoise
Tortoises are slow-moving, long-lived reptiles that are adapted to live on land, rather than in water. They have a hard, protective shell and a variety of adaptations that allow them to survive in a range of environments, from deserts to tropical forests. Tortoises play important roles in their ecosystems, serving as both prey and seed dispersers.
Toucan
Toucans are known for their distinctive, oversized, and colorful beaks, which they use for a variety of purposes, including foraging, self-defense, and communication. They are important seed dispersers in their native habitats and are a popular attraction for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts.
Toxicodendron
Tragopan
Also known as the horned pheasant, the tragopan is a brightly colored, high-altitude bird known for the distinctive horns and wattle that emerge from the male’s head during the breeding season. It is a symbol of conservation efforts in the region.
Tragopogon
Tragopogon, or goat’s beards, are a genus of flowering plants that are known for their distinctive, clock-like seed heads that resemble the beards of goats. They are found throughout Europe and Asia and are sometimes cultivated for their edible roots and leaves.
Transition Zone
A transition zone, or ecotone, is a region where two or more distinct ecosystems, such as a forest and a grassland, meet and integrate. These areas often support a diverse array of plant and animal life, as they contain elements of both neighboring biomes.
Traveller’s Palm
The traveller’s palm is a large, tropical plant that is native to Madagascar. It is known for its large, fan-shaped leaves that resemble a hand, as well as its ability to store water in its leaf bases, which has made it a valuable resource for travellers in arid regions.
Tree Fern
Tree ferns are a group of ferns that have developed a tall, woody trunk that resembles a tree. They are found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world and are known for their distinctive, lacy fronds.
Trembling Aspen
The trembling aspen is a tall, slender tree recognized by its smooth, white bark and distinctive leaves that quiver in the slightest breeze. It is a widespread and important component of many North American forest ecosystems, providing food and habitat for a variety of wildlife.
Trichoderma
Trichoderma is a diverse group of fungi that are found naturally in soil and on plant roots. Some species are used in commercial biocontrol products, as they can help protect crops from plant pathogens and promote plant growth through various mechanisms.
Trichome
Trichomes are small, hair-like outgrowths on the epidermis of plants that serve a variety of functions, such as deterring herbivores, reducing water loss, and trapping dust and debris. They come in many different shapes and sizes, and are an important feature in plant identification and classification.
Trifolium
Trifolium, or clovers, are a genus of flowering plants that are known for their distinctive, three-leafed foliage. They are widely cultivated as forage crops and are also found growing wild in many parts of the world.
Trillium
Trilliums are a genus of flowering plants that are known for their distinctive, three-petaled flowers. They are found in temperate forests in North America and are often used as wildflowers in gardens and landscaping.
Tropic of Cancer
The Tropic of Cancer is the latitude line that marks the northernmost point where the sun can be directly overhead at the summer solstice. It is an important geographic boundary that separates the tropics from the temperate regions.
Tropic of Capricorn
The Tropic of Capricorn is the latitude line that marks the southernmost point where the sun can be directly overhead at the winter solstice. It is an important geographic boundary that separates the tropics from the temperate regions.
Tropical Dry Forest
Tropical dry forests are a type of forest ecosystem found in regions with a tropical climate and a distinct dry season. These forests are characterized by their deciduous trees, which shed their leaves during the dry season, and their adaptations to the dry conditions, such as deep root systems and thick bark.
Tropical Rainforest
Tropical rainforests are a type of forest ecosystem found in the tropics, characterized by their high rainfall, lush vegetation, and diverse array of plant and animal life. They are often referred to as the ‘lungs of the planet’ due to their ability to absorb and store large amounts of carbon dioxide.
Trumpet Flower
Trumpet flowers are a group of large, showy, bell-shaped flowers that belong to the Brugmansia and Datura genera. They are known for their distinctive, trumpet-like blooms that range in color from white to yellow, pink, and purple. Some species are used in traditional medicine, but all parts of the plant are highly toxic if ingested.
Trumpet Vine
The trumpet vine is a woody, climbing vine that is known for its showy, trumpet-shaped flowers. It is native to the eastern United States and is often used in landscaping and gardens for its decorative and pollinator-attracting properties.
Trumpeter Swan
The trumpeter swan is a majestic, white-feathered waterbird known for its large size and the distinctive trumpet-like call that gives it its name. It was once threatened with extinction but has made a comeback thanks to conservation efforts in the United States and Canada.
Tsetse Fly
Tsetse flies are vectors for the parasitic diseases trypanosomiasis, which can be fatal to humans and livestock. They are found in the woodlands and savannas of sub-Saharan Africa and are a major public health and economic concern in affected regions.
Tule
Tule is a tall, reed-like plant that is found in wetland habitats, particularly in the western United States and Mexico. It has been an important resource for indigenous communities, who have used it for a variety of purposes, including the construction of boats, shelters, and baskets.
Tundra
The tundra is a cold, treeless biome found in polar and high-altitude regions, such as the Arctic and the mountains of the northern hemisphere. It is characterized by its low-growing vegetation, including mosses, lichens, and hardy grasses, and its short growing season.
Tupelo
Tupelo is a genus of deciduous trees native to the eastern United States. They are known for their distinctive, gnarled trunks and their vibrant fall foliage, which can range from deep red to purple. The wood of the tupelo tree is valued for its use in woodworking and furniture making.
Turbinella
Turbinella is a genus of marine snails that are found in tropical and subtropical oceans around the world. They are known for their distinctive, spiral-shaped shells and their role as predators in marine ecosystems.
Turmeric
Turmeric is a spice widely used in South Asian cuisine, known for its vibrant yellow color and distinctive flavor. It has also been used in traditional medicine and has gained popularity for its potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory properties.
Turpentine Tree
Also known as the terebinth, the turpentine tree is an important source of turpentine, a fragrant, flammable liquid extracted from the tree’s resin. It is a hardy, drought-tolerant tree that is often used in landscaping and for its timber.
Tussock
Tussocks are dense, grassy growths that form mounds or tufts. They are commonly found in wetland and alpine ecosystems, and are an important habitat for many species of plants and animals.
Tussock Moth
Tussock moths are named for the distinctive tufts of hair or ‘tussocks’ on the backs of their caterpillar larvae. Some species are considered pests, as their caterpillars can defoliate trees, while others are important food sources for birds and other wildlife.
Twilight Zone
The twilight zone, also known as the mesopelagic zone, is the region of the ocean that lies below the sunlit surface, where little light penetrates. This zone is home to a diverse array of marine life, including bioluminescent organisms and deep-sea predators.
Typhoon
A typhoon is a type of tropical cyclone that occurs in the western Pacific or Indian Oceans. Typhoons are characterized by their intense winds, heavy rainfall, and potential for widespread destruction, and can have a significant impact on coastal communities and ecosystems.

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