With 108 mammals starting with the letter “S,” this comprehensive list covers a wide range of species from tiny shrews to enormous whales. These mammals live all over the world, from snowy Siberian forests to tropical rainforests and open African savannas. Many of these animals share unique traits like remarkable adaptations to their habitats or interesting behaviors that help them survive. This list provides a detailed look at mammals that start with S, offering scientific names, habitats, sizes, and descriptions to help you understand each species better.
Explore the full table below to discover fascinating facts about these mammals.
Scientific Name This column shows the precise scientific name of each mammal, using formal Latin terms. It helps you identify the species accurately and shows its place in the animal classification system.
Habitat Here you will find the typical environment or geographic area where each mammal lives. This tells you about the natural conditions the animal prefers, such as forests, deserts, or oceans.
Average Size (cm) This column lists the average length or height of the mammal in centimeters. Knowing the size helps you visualize each animal and compare it to others on the list.
Description The description provides a brief overview of notable features, behaviors, or interesting facts about the mammal. It highlights what makes each species unique and important in its ecosystem.
Mammals that start with S
| Mammals | Scientific Name | Habitat | Average Size (cm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sable | Martes zibellina | Taiga forests across Russia, Mongolia, and Japan | 47 |
| Sable Antelope | Hippotragus niger | Savannas and woodlands of southeastern Africa | 220 |
| Saiga Antelope | Saiga tatarica | Steppes and semi-deserts of Central Asia | 120 |
| Saki Monkey | Pithecia | Tropical rainforests of South America | 40 |
| Saluki | Canis familiaris | Domesticated, originally Middle East | 65 |
| Samoyed | Canis familiaris | Domesticated, originally Siberia | 57 |
| Sambar Deer | Rusa unicolor | Forests and woodlands across South and Southeast Asia | 210 |
| Sand Cat | Felis margarita | Sandy and stony deserts of North Africa, Middle East, and Central Asia | 50 |
| Sand Fox | Vulpes pallida | Semi-deserts and savannas of the Sahel region of Africa | 50 |
| Savanna Hare | Lepus victoriae | Savannas and grasslands across Africa | 55 |
| Savi’s Pygmy Shrew | Sorex savi | Grasslands and forests of Europe | 6 |
| Schnauzer | Canis familiaris | Domesticated, originally Germany | 45 |
| Scottish Deerhound | Canis familiaris | Domesticated, originally Scotland | 78 |
| Scottish Fold | Canis familiaris | Domesticated, originally Scotland | 25 |
| Scottish Terrier | Canis familiaris | Domesticated, originally Scotland | 25 |
| Scottish Wildcat | Felis silvestris silvestris | Forests and moorlands of Scotland | 90 |
| Screaming Hairy Armadillo | Chaetophractus vellerosus | Grasslands and scrublands of South America | 30 |
| Seal | Phocidae | Coastal waters and oceans worldwide | 160 |
| Sechuran Fox | Lycalopex sechurae | Coastal deserts and dry forests of northwestern Peru and southwestern Ecuador | 60 |
| Sei Whale | Balaenoptera borealis | All oceans, preferring temperate to subpolar waters | 1,400 |
| Senegal Bushbaby | Galago senegalensis | Savannas and woodlands of sub-Saharan Africa | 20 |
| Serval | Leptailurus serval | Grasslands and savannas of Africa | 90 |
| Shar-Pei | Canis familiaris | Domesticated, originally China | 48 |
| Sheep | Ovis aries | Domesticated worldwide | 100 |
| Shetland Pony | Equus caballus | Domesticated, originally Shetland Islands, Scotland | 100 |
| Shetland Sheepdog | Canis familiaris | Domesticated, originally Scotland | 36 |
| Shih Tzu | Canis familiaris | Domesticated, originally Tibet/China | 27 |
| Shrew | Soricidae | Diverse, worldwide (except polar regions and Australia) | 10 |
| Siamang | Symphalangus syndactylus | Tropical rainforests of Malaysia, Thailand, and Sumatra | 75 |
| Siamese Cat | Felis catus | Domesticated, originally Thailand | 30 |
| Siberian Chipmunk | Tamias sibiricus | Coniferous and mixed forests across Siberia, Mongolia, and Northeast Asia | 20 |
| Siberian Husky | Canis familiaris | Domesticated, originally Siberia | 58 |
| Siberian Ibex | Capra sibirica | Rocky mountains and deserts of Central Asia | 160 |
| Siberian Tiger | Panthera tigris altaica | Taiga and temperate forests of the Russian Far East | 330 |
| Sifaka | Propithecus | Forests of Madagascar | 50 |
| Sika Deer | Cervus nippon | Forests and woodlands of East Asia | 140 |
| Silver Fox | Vulpes vulpes | Arctic and temperate regions (a color morph of Red Fox) | 80 |
| Silvery Gibbon | Hylobates moloch | Tropical rainforests of Java, Indonesia | 60 |
| Sitatunga | Tragelaphus spekii | Swamps and wetlands of Central Africa | 150 |
| Skunk | Mephitidae | Forests, grasslands, and urban areas of the Americas | 50 |
| Slender Loris | Loris tardigradus | Tropical rainforests of India and Sri Lanka | 25 |
| Slender Mongoose | Herpestes smithii | Forests and savannas across sub-Saharan Africa | 40 |
| Sloth | Folivora | Tropical rainforests of Central and South America | 65 |
| Sloth Bear | Melursus ursinus | Forests and grasslands of India, Sri Lanka, and Nepal | 180 |
| Slow Loris | Nycticebus | Tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia | 30 |
| Small-spotted Genet | Genetta genetta | Forests, savannas, and shrublands of Africa and parts of Europe | 50 |
| Smith’s Red Rock Hare | Pronolagus rupestris | Rocky outcrops and mountainous areas of southern Africa | 40 |
| Smooth-coated Otter | Lutrogale perspicillata | Freshwater habitats across South and Southeast Asia | 100 |
| Snow Leopard | Panthera uncia | Rocky mountain ranges of Central and South Asia | 130 |
| Snowshoe Hare | Lepus americanus | Boreal forests of North America | 50 |
| Soemmerring’s Gazelle | Nanger soemmerringii | Semi-deserts and grasslands of Northeast Africa | 150 |
| Solenodon | Solenodon | Forests of Cuba and Hispaniola | 30 |
| Somali Wild Ass | Equus africanus somalicus | Desert and semi-desert regions of Somalia and Eritrea | 200 |
| South American Coati | Nasua nasua | Forests and grasslands of South America | 70 |
| South American Fur Seal | Arctocephalus australis | Coastal waters of South America | 200 |
| Southern Elephant Seal | Mirounga leonina | Subantarctic and Antarctic waters | 5,000 |
| Southern Flying Squirrel | Glaucomys volans | Forests of eastern North America | 25 |
| Southern Giraffe | Giraffa giraffa | Savannas and woodlands of Southern Africa | 550 |
| Southern Hairy-nosed Wombat | Lasiorhinus latifrons | Semi-arid grasslands and mallee scrub of South Australia | 95 |
| Southern Right Whale | Eubalaena australis | Southern Hemisphere oceans, temperate waters | 1,800 |
| Southern Sea Otter | Enhydra lutris nereis | Coastal waters of California, USA | 130 |
| Spanish Ibex | Capra pyrenaica | Mountainous regions of the Iberian Peninsula | 150 |
| Spectacled Bear | Tremarctos ornatus | Andean cloud forests and dry forests of South America | 180 |
| Spectacled Dormouse | Myomimus roachi | Forests and shrublands of Southeast Europe and Western Asia | 10 |
| Spectacled Flying Fox | Pteropus conspicillatus | Tropical rainforests and coastal areas of northeastern Australia and New Guinea | 25 |
| Speke’s Gazelle | Gazella spekei | Grasslands and arid plains of Somalia | 95 |
| Sperm Whale | Physeter macrocephalus | All deep oceans worldwide | 1,800 |
| Spider Monkey | Ateles | Tropical rainforests of Central and South America | 60 |
| Spiny Anteater | Tachyglossus aculeatus | Forests, woodlands, and grasslands of Australia and New Guinea | 45 |
| Spiny Mouse | Acomys | Arid and semi-arid regions of Africa, Middle East, and Asia | 12 |
| Spix’s Disk-winged Bat | Thyroptera tricolor | Tropical forests of Central and South America | 4 |
| Spotted Bat | Euderma maculatum | Arid canyons and forests of western North America | 11 |
| Spotted Deer | Axis axis | Forests and grasslands of India and Sri Lanka | 150 |
| Spotted Dolphin | Stenella attenuata | Tropical and temperate oceans worldwide | 220 |
| Spotted Hyena | Crocuta crocuta | Savannas, grasslands, and semi-deserts of sub-Saharan Africa | 150 |
| Spotted-necked Otter | Hydrictis maculicollis | Freshwater rivers and lakes of sub-Saharan Africa | 90 |
| Springbok | Antidorcas marsupialis | Dry savannas and grasslands of Southern Africa | 140 |
| Springhare | Pedetes capensis | Arid savannas and grasslands of Southern and East Africa | 40 |
| Squirrel | Sciuridae | Diverse, worldwide (except Antarctica and Australia) | 30 |
| Squirrel Glider | Petaurus norfolcensis | Eucalyptus forests of eastern Australia | 20 |
| Squirrel Monkey | Saimiri | Tropical rainforests of Central and South America | 30 |
| St. Bernard | Canis familiaris | Domesticated, originally Switzerland/Italy | 75 |
| Star-nosed Mole | Condylura cristata | Wet lowlands and marshy areas of eastern North America | 15 |
| Steenbok | Raphicerus campestris | Savannas and open woodlands of Southern and East Africa | 50 |
| Steller Sea Lion | Eumetopias jubatus | North Pacific coasts, from Alaska to Japan | 350 |
| Stoat | Mustela erminea | Forests, grasslands, and tundras across North America, Europe, and Asia | 30 |
| Straw-coloured Fruit Bat | Eidolon helvum | Savannas and rainforests of sub-Saharan Africa | 20 |
| Streaked Tenrec | Hemicentetes semispinosus | Tropical rainforests of Madagascar | 17 |
| Striped Dolphin | Stenella coeruleoalba | Temperate and tropical oceans worldwide | 250 |
| Striped Hyena | Hyaena hyaena | Semi-arid grasslands, savannas, and shrublands of North Africa, Middle East, and Asia | 120 |
| Striped Polecat | Ictonyx striatus | Savannas and semi-arid regions of Africa | 45 |
| Striped Skunk | Mephitis mephitis | Forests, grasslands, and urban areas of North America | 60 |
| Sucker-footed Bat | Myzopoda aurita | Tropical rainforests of Madagascar | 6 |
| Suffolk Sheep | Ovis aries | Domesticated worldwide, originally England | 90 |
| Sugar Glider | Petaurus breviceps | Forests of eastern and northern Australia, New Guinea, and Indonesia | 15 |
| Sumatran Orangutan | Pongo abelii | Tropical rainforests of Sumatra, Indonesia | 140 |
| Sumatran Rhinoceros | Dicerorhinus sumatrensis | Dense tropical rainforests of Sumatra and Borneo | 300 |
| Sumatran Tiger | Panthera tigris sumatrae | Tropical forests of Sumatra, Indonesia | 280 |
| Sun Bear | Helarctos malayanus | Tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia | 140 |
| Sunda Clouded Leopard | Neofelis diardi | Dense tropical rainforests of Sumatra and Borneo | 90 |
| Sunda Colugo | Galeopterus variegatus | Tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia | 40 |
| Sunda Pangolin | Manis javanica | Tropical forests and plantations of Southeast Asia | 60 |
| Suni | Neotragus moschatus | Dense bush and thickets of East and Southern Africa | 35 |
| Swamp Deer | Rucervus duvaucelii | Wetlands and grasslands of India and Nepal | 180 |
| Swamp Rabbit | Sylvilagus aquaticus | Swamps, marshes, and wetlands of the southeastern United States | 50 |
| Swamp Wallaby | Wallabia bicolor | Dense forests and woodlands of eastern Australia | 80 |
| Swayne’s Hartebeest | Alcelaphus buselaphus swaynei | Grasslands of Ethiopia | 160 |
| Syrian Hamster | Mesocricetus auratus | Domesticated, originally Syria | 15 |
Descriptions
Sable
A prized fur-bearing mammal of the weasel family, sables are known for their luxurious dark fur. These agile predators inhabit dense northern forests, primarily hunting small rodents and birds. They are solitary and active mostly at dusk and dawn.
Sable Antelope
Majestic African antelope recognized by its ringed, scimitar-shaped horns and striking black coat in males. Females are reddish-brown. They live in herds, grazing on grasses and leaves, and are known for their defensive strength against predators like lions.
Saiga Antelope
A critically endangered antelope distinguished by its unique, bulbous nose, which filters dust and regulates blood temperature. Saigas are migratory herbivores, forming large herds that traverse vast grasslands, facing threats from poaching and habitat loss.
Saki Monkey
Medium-sized New World monkeys, often recognized by their long, bushy tails and, in some species, a distinctive “saki helmet” of fur. They are arboreal, feeding on fruits, leaves, and insects, playing a role in seed dispersal.
Saluki
An ancient sighthound breed known for its elegance, speed, and endurance. Salukis were historically used by royalty for hunting fast prey across deserts. They are graceful, independent, and loyal companions, thriving on open spaces for exercise.
Samoyed
A beautiful spitz-type dog originating from Siberia, known for its thick, white, double coat and “Sammy smile.” Bred by nomadic people for herding reindeer and pulling sleds, they are intelligent, friendly, and require regular grooming and exercise.
Sambar Deer
A large deer species native to Asia, recognized by its robust build and impressive antlers in males. Sambar deer are primarily nocturnal browsers, feeding on leaves, fruits, and grasses, often found near water sources. They are generally solitary.
Sand Cat
A small, elusive wild cat perfectly adapted to desert life, with fur-covered paws for walking on hot sand and large ears for detecting prey. They are nocturnal hunters, feeding on rodents, lizards, and insects, rarely needing to drink water.
Sand Fox
A small fox species of the African Sahel, characterized by its pale, sandy fur and large ears. Sand foxes are primarily nocturnal, hunting insects, rodents, and reptiles. They are well-adapted to arid environments, digging burrows for shelter.
Savanna Hare
A widespread species of hare found in African savannas, known for its long ears and powerful hind legs built for speed. They are largely nocturnal, grazing on grasses and herbs, and rely on camouflage and bursts of speed to evade predators.
Savi’s Pygmy Shrew
One of the smallest mammals, Savi’s Pygmy Shrew is characterized by its tiny size and long snout. These insectivorous mammals have an incredibly high metabolism, requiring constant feeding to survive. They are secretive and mostly active at night.
Schnauzer
A breed of dog known for its distinctive whiskered snout and intelligent, alert expression. Schnauzers come in three sizes (Miniature, Standard, Giant) and were originally bred as ratters and guard dogs. They are loyal, energetic, and require consistent training.
Scottish Deerhound
A large, imposing sighthound originating from Scotland, bred to hunt red deer. Known for its shaggy coat, graceful build, and gentle nature, the Scottish Deerhound is a loyal, calm, and dignified companion that needs ample space and exercise.
Scottish Fold
A distinctive cat breed known for its unique folded ears, which bend forward and downward. Scottish Folds are typically sweet-tempered, affectionate, and intelligent, making them popular companions. Their folded ears are due to a genetic mutation.
Scottish Terrier
A small, feisty terrier breed recognized by its wiry coat, short legs, and distinctive beard and eyebrows. Scottish Terriers were bred for hunting vermin. They are independent, confident, and loyal, making them bold yet affectionate companions.
Scottish Wildcat
A highly endangered subspecies of European wildcat, often called the “Highland Tiger.” Larger and more robust than domestic cats, they are solitary, nocturnal predators. Purity of the breed is threatened by interbreeding with feral domestic cats.
Screaming Hairy Armadillo
A small armadillo species named for the loud squeals it emits when threatened. Covered in a protective shell of bony plates, this nocturnal mammal digs extensive burrows and feeds on insects, roots, and small vertebrates.
Seal
Seals are carnivorous marine mammals, streamlined for aquatic life with flippers for propulsion. They are adapted to cold waters and spend time both in the ocean and on land for breeding, resting, and molting. Their diet consists primarily of fish.
Sechuran Fox
The smallest South American fox, characterized by its sandy-gray fur and relatively short legs. Sechuran foxes are nocturnal and omnivorous, feeding on seeds, fruits, insects, and small rodents. They are well-adapted to arid environments.
Sei Whale
A large baleen whale known for its slender, streamlined body and remarkable speed. Sei whales are filter feeders, consuming vast quantities of krill and small schooling fish. They are migratory, moving between feeding and breeding grounds.
Senegal Bushbaby
A small, nocturnal primate known for its large eyes, excellent night vision, and agile leaps through trees. Also called a “galago,” they feed on insects, fruits, and tree gum. Their distinctive cries resemble a baby’s wail.
Serval
A medium-sized wild cat native to Africa, characterized by its long legs, large ears, and spotted coat. Servals are highly skilled hunters, particularly of rodents and birds, capable of jumping high to catch prey. They are solitary and nocturnal.
Shar-Pei
A distinctive dog breed known for its deeply wrinkled skin, small ears, and “hippopotamus” muzzle. Shar-Peis were originally bred as farm dogs and guard dogs. They are loyal, independent, and protective companions, requiring early socialization.
Sheep
Domesticated mammals raised primarily for their wool, meat, and milk. Sheep are ruminant animals, typically grazing on grasses and other vegetation. They are social animals, often kept in flocks, and have played a vital role in human agriculture for millennia.
Shetland Pony
A small, hardy pony breed originating from the Shetland Isles, known for its sturdy build, thick coat, and strong legs. Shetland ponies are intelligent, spirited, and long-lived, often used for riding, driving, and as companion animals.
Shetland Sheepdog
A small, agile herding dog resembling a miniature Rough Collie, known for its intelligence, loyalty, and beautiful coat. Shelties are highly trainable, affectionate, and make excellent family pets, excelling in obedience and agility sports.
Shih Tzu
A small, friendly toy dog breed known for its long, flowing double coat and endearing “chrysanthemum” face. Shih Tzus were historically kept as lap dogs by Chinese royalty. They are affectionate, outgoing, and make charming companions.
Shrew
Small, mouse-like mammals known for their high metabolism and long, pointed snouts. Shrews are insectivores, constantly foraging for food, and are among the smallest mammals on Earth. They are often secretive and mostly active at night.
Siamang
The largest gibbon species, known for its loud, booming calls amplified by a large throat sac. Siamangs are arboreal, monogamous apes that spend most of their lives in trees, feeding on fruits and leaves. They are highly agile climbers.
Siamese Cat
A striking cat breed known for its distinctive pointed coat pattern (darker extremities) and piercing blue eyes. Siamese cats are highly intelligent, vocal, and affectionate, often forming strong bonds with their owners. They are active and playful companions.
Siberian Chipmunk
A small, striped rodent resembling a squirrel, known for its cheek pouches used to carry food. Siberian chipmunks are active during the day, foraging for seeds, nuts, and insects. They hibernate during colder months, storing food in their burrows.
Siberian Husky
A powerful, resilient dog breed known for its thick coat, striking blue or multi-colored eyes, and strong sled-pulling abilities. Siberian Huskies are intelligent, energetic, and friendly, requiring significant exercise and mental stimulation. They are popular for their wolf-like appearance.
Siberian Ibex
A large species of wild goat native to the mountains of Central Asia, characterized by its impressive, long, curved horns in males. Siberian ibex are agile climbers, feeding on grasses and shrubs at high altitudes. They are well-adapted to harsh environments.
Siberian Tiger
The largest living cat species, known for its immense size and thick, pale orange coat. Critically endangered, Siberian tigers are solitary apex predators, preying on deer and wild boar. They are highly adapted to cold, snowy environments.
Sifaka
A genus of lemurs endemic to Madagascar, characterized by their long tails and unique upright leaping locomotion through trees. Sifakas are arboreal, diurnal, and herbivorous, feeding on leaves, fruits, and flowers. They are known for their distinctive white fur.
Sika Deer
A medium-sized deer species native to East Asia, known for its spotted coat in summer and a distinct whistle call. Sika deer are adaptable, inhabiting diverse environments, and primarily graze on grasses and leaves. Males grow impressive antlers.
Silver Fox
A melanistic (dark-colored) morph of the red fox, characterized by its beautiful black fur tipped with silver guard hairs. Silver foxes are wild canids found in various habitats, known for their adaptability and opportunistic hunting of small prey.
Silvery Gibbon
An endangered gibbon species endemic to the island of Java, known for its distinctive silver-gray fur. Silvery gibbons are highly arboreal, using their long arms to brachiate through the forest canopy, feeding primarily on fruits and leaves.
Sitatunga
An elusive antelope species uniquely adapted to semi-aquatic life, with splayed hooves that prevent it from sinking into marshy ground. Sitatungas are excellent swimmers, often submerging themselves to evade predators. They feed on aquatic vegetation.
Skunk
Medium-sized mammals best known for their ability to spray a foul-smelling liquid as a defense mechanism. Skunks are omnivorous, primarily nocturnal, and characterized by their striking black and white striped or spotted fur patterns.
Slender Loris
A small, nocturnal primate known for its large, round eyes and slender limbs. Slender lorises are arboreal, moving slowly and deliberately through trees, primarily feeding on insects, small vertebrates, and plant matter. They are solitary.
Slender Mongoose
A small, agile mongoose species common in African habitats, recognized by its reddish-brown fur and long tail. Slender mongooses are solitary predators, active during the day, hunting insects, rodents, reptiles, and birds.
Sloth
Slow-moving, arboreal mammals known for spending most of their lives hanging upside down from trees. Sloths are characterized by their long claws and slow metabolism, feeding primarily on leaves. Their fur often hosts symbiotic algae.
Sloth Bear
A nocturnal bear species native to the Indian subcontinent, distinguished by its shaggy black coat, long snout, and prominent white chest mark. Sloth bears primarily feed on insects, especially termites and ants, which they suck up with their unique lips.
Slow Loris
A genus of nocturnal primates known for their large eyes, slow movements, and venomous bite (unique among primates). Slow lorises are arboreal, feeding on insects, fruits, and tree gum. They are endangered due to habitat loss and illegal pet trade.
Small-spotted Genet
A slender, agile carnivore resembling a cat, known for its spotted coat and long, ringed tail. Small-spotted genets are nocturnal and arboreal, hunting small mammals, birds, and insects. They are solitary and secretive.
Smith’s Red Rock Hare
A species of hare characterized by its reddish-brown fur and preference for rocky, mountainous habitats. Smith’s Red Rock Hares are nocturnal, feeding on grasses and herbs, and use crevices and rock shelters for protection.
Smooth-coated Otter
A semi-aquatic mammal known for its sleek, smooth fur and powerful tail used for propulsion in water. Smooth-coated otters are social, forming groups, and are skilled hunters of fish, frogs, and crustaceans in rivers and wetlands.
Snow Leopard
An elusive and endangered big cat, known for its thick, smoky-gray coat with distinctive rosettes and long tail. Snow leopards are solitary apex predators, adapted to cold, high-altitude environments, preying on wild sheep and goats.
Snowshoe Hare
A species of hare named for its large, fur-covered hind feet that act like snowshoes, allowing it to move easily in deep snow. Snowshoe hares change fur color seasonally (brown in summer, white in winter) for camouflage.
Soemmerring’s Gazelle
A graceful antelope species native to the Horn of Africa, characterized by its sandy-brown coat and lyre-shaped horns in both sexes. Soemmerring’s gazelles are grazers, forming herds and adapted to arid environments.
Solenodon
A rare, venomous, shrew-like mammal with a long snout and small eyes. Solenodons are nocturnal insectivores, possessing a unique groove in their teeth that delivers toxic saliva. They are among the oldest living mammal lineages.
Somali Wild Ass
A critically endangered subspecies of African wild ass, known for its striking striped legs and pale coat. Somali wild ass are highly adapted to arid environments, capable of surviving on sparse vegetation and limited water.
South American Coati
A versatile mammal resembling a racoon, known for its long, flexible snout and ringed tail. South American coatis are diurnal omnivores, foraging in groups for fruits, insects, and small vertebrates. They are highly adaptable to various habitats.
South American Fur Seal
A species of fur seal found along the coasts of South America, known for its dense, dark fur. These pinnipeds are social, forming large colonies on rocky shores for breeding. They feed primarily on fish, squid, and crustaceans.
Southern Elephant Seal
The largest carnivore and true seal, known for its immense size and the large, inflatable proboscis (nose) of the males. Southern elephant seals are deep-diving marine mammals, spending most of their lives at sea, feeding on squid and fish.
Southern Flying Squirrel
A small, nocturnal rodent capable of gliding through the air using a membrane of skin between its front and hind legs. Southern flying squirrels are arboreal, nesting in tree cavities and feeding on nuts, seeds, fruits, and insects.
Southern Giraffe
The largest terrestrial mammal, known for its incredibly long neck, legs, and distinctive spotted coat. Southern giraffes are browsers, feeding primarily on leaves and buds from trees. They are social animals, forming loose herds.
Southern Hairy-nosed Wombat
A robust burrowing marsupial known for its soft, hairy nose and powerful claws. Southern hairy-nosed wombats are nocturnal herbivores, digging extensive burrows for shelter and feeding on grasses and roots. They are largely solitary.
Southern Right Whale
A large baleen whale known for its distinctive V-shaped blowhole and callosities (rough patches of skin) on its head. Southern right whales are filter feeders, consuming plankton, and are popular for whale watching due to their slow movements.
Southern Sea Otter
A marine mammal known for its incredibly dense fur, which insulates it in cold water. Southern sea otters are apex predators in kelp forests, feeding on sea urchins, crabs, and shellfish, playing a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem balance.
Spanish Ibex
A species of wild goat endemic to the Iberian Peninsula, known for its impressive, ridged horns. Spanish ibex are agile climbers, inhabiting rocky, high-altitude terrain, feeding on grasses and shrubs. They are well-adapted to harsh mountain environments.
Spectacled Bear
The only bear species native to South America, known for the distinctive cream-colored markings around its eyes resembling spectacles. Spectacled bears are primarily arboreal and omnivorous, feeding on fruits, bromeliads, and insects.
Spectacled Dormouse
A small, squirrel-like rodent known for the dark rings around its eyes, resembling spectacles. Spectacled dormice are nocturnal, arboreal, and omnivorous, feeding on fruits, nuts, insects, and bird eggs. They hibernate during winter.
Spectacled Flying Fox
A large fruit bat known for its distinctive rings of pale fur around its eyes, resembling spectacles. Spectacled flying foxes are nocturnal, feeding primarily on nectar, pollen, and fruit, playing a vital role in forest pollination and seed dispersal.
Speke’s Gazelle
A small, graceful gazelle species endemic to the Horn of Africa, characterized by a unique nose flap that inflates when alarmed. Speke’s gazelles are grazers, forming small herds in arid habitats, relying on their speed to escape predators.
Sperm Whale
The largest toothed whale and largest predator, known for its massive, square-shaped head containing spermaceti oil. Sperm whales are deep divers, preying primarily on giant squid. They are social, forming complex groups.
Spider Monkey
New World monkeys known for their extremely long, prehensile tails and long, slender limbs, which aid in their arboreal locomotion. Spider monkeys are highly agile, feeding mainly on fruits, and play a crucial role in seed dispersal.
Spiny Anteater
Also known as the short-beaked echidna, this monotreme mammal is covered in sharp spines and has a long, sticky tongue for eating ants and termites. It is one of only two egg-laying mammals.
Spiny Mouse
A genus of rodents known for their stiff, spiny fur, which provides protection. Spiny mice are primarily nocturnal, omnivorous, and well-adapted to dry environments, often found in rocky areas.
Spix’s Disk-winged Bat
A small bat known for its unique suction cups (disks) on its wrists and ankles, allowing it to cling to smooth surfaces like large leaves. They roost head-up inside unfurling leaves.
Spotted Bat
A distinctive bat known for its large ears and unique black and white spotted fur pattern. Spotted bats are nocturnal insectivores, often detected by their low-frequency echolocation calls, audible to humans.
Spotted Deer
Also known as the Chital, this graceful deer species is recognized by its distinctive white spots on a reddish-brown coat. Spotted deer are social, forming large herds, and are primarily grazers. They are an important prey species.
Spotted Dolphin
A medium-sized dolphin known for its spotted skin pattern, which develops with age. Spotted dolphins are highly social, forming large pods, and are agile swimmers. They feed on fish and squid, often associating with tuna schools.
Spotted Hyena
The largest and most common hyena species, known for its powerful jaws, distinctive “laughing” vocalizations, and spotted coat. Spotted hyenas are highly social carnivores, living in large clans, and are skilled hunters as well as scavengers.
Spotted-necked Otter
A semi-aquatic mammal known for the spotted pattern on its neck and chest. Spotted-necked otters are social, often seen in groups, and are skilled hunters of fish and aquatic invertebrates. They prefer clear, unpolluted waters.
Springbok
A medium-sized, graceful antelope endemic to southern Africa, known for its striking reddish-brown and white coat. Springboks are famous for their “pronking” leaps when startled. They are agile grazers, forming large herds.
Springhare
A nocturnal, rabbit-like rodent known for its powerful hind legs and long tail, enabling it to hop like a kangaroo. Springhares are burrowing herbivores, feeding on grasses and roots. They are unique in their hopping locomotion.
Squirrel
Small to medium-sized rodents known for their bushy tails and agile climbing abilities. Squirrels are highly adaptable, found in various habitats, and feed on nuts, seeds, fruits, and insects. They are well-known for burying nuts.
Squirrel Glider
A small, nocturnal marsupial known for its ability to glide between trees using a membrane of skin between its front and hind legs. Squirrel gliders are arboreal, feeding on nectar, pollen, insects, and tree sap.
Squirrel Monkey
Small, agile New World monkeys known for their playful nature, bright coloration, and long, non-prehensile tails. Squirrel monkeys are arboreal, diurnal, and social, forming large groups. They are omnivorous, feeding on fruits and insects.
St. Bernard
A very large working dog breed originating from the Swiss Alps, historically used as rescue dogs by monks. St. Bernards are known for their massive size, gentle temperament, and loyalty, making them devoted family companions.
Star-nosed Mole
A small mole species known for its unique, star-shaped snout with 22 fleshy appendages, used to detect prey. Star-nosed moles are semi-aquatic, foraging for insects, worms, and crustaceans in moist soil and shallow water.
Steenbok
A small, delicate antelope species native to Africa, known for its reddish-brown coat and solitary nature. Steenbok are browsers and grazers, often found concealed in tall grasses. They are known for their quick, erratic movements.
Steller Sea Lion
The largest species of sea lion, known for its massive size and loud roar. Steller sea lions are social pinnipeds, forming large rookeries on rocky islands and coasts for breeding. They feed on fish and cephalopods.
Stoat
A small, agile carnivore of the weasel family, known for its slender body and seasonal fur change (brown in summer, white in winter, known as ermine). Stoats are fierce predators, hunting small mammals and birds.
Straw-coloured Fruit Bat
A large fruit bat species known for its straw-colored fur and prominent eyes. These nocturnal bats are highly social, forming huge colonies, and play a crucial role in pollinating plants and dispersing seeds across Africa.
Streaked Tenrec
A small, spiny mammal endemic to Madagascar, known for its distinctive yellow and black striped coat. Streaked tenrecs are nocturnal, burrowing insectivores, often foraging in leaf litter for worms and insects.
Striped Dolphin
A fast-swimming dolphin species known for its striking color pattern, including a dark stripe running from the eye to the flipper. Striped dolphins are highly social, forming large pods, and feed on fish and squid.
Striped Hyena
A medium-sized hyena species known for its striped coat and mane. Striped hyenas are solitary and primarily nocturnal scavengers, though they also hunt small prey. They are more shy than spotted hyenas.
Striped Polecat
A small, carnivorous mammal of the weasel family, known for its bold black and white striped fur pattern. Striped polecats are nocturnal, using their strong anal glands to spray a potent musk when threatened. They hunt small rodents and insects.
Striped Skunk
The most common skunk species, easily recognized by its distinctive black fur with two prominent white stripes down its back. Striped skunks are omnivorous, nocturnal, and notorious for their powerful, foul-smelling defensive spray.
Sucker-footed Bat
A small bat species unique for its suction cups on its wrists and ankles, allowing it to cling to smooth surfaces like the unfurling leaves of traveller’s palms, where it roosts head-up.
Suffolk Sheep
A large, distinctive breed of domestic sheep known for its black face and legs, and white, woolly body. Suffolk sheep are primarily raised for their meat (lamb production) and are known for their rapid growth and hardiness.
Sugar Glider
A small, nocturnal marsupial known for its ability to glide through the air using a membrane of skin. Sugar gliders are arboreal and omnivorous, feeding on nectar, sap, fruits, and insects. They are popular exotic pets.
Sumatran Orangutan
A critically endangered great ape species endemic to the island of Sumatra, known for its reddish-brown fur and solitary nature. Sumatran orangutans are arboreal, feeding primarily on fruits, playing a vital role in seed dispersal.
Sumatran Rhinoceros
The smallest and most critically endangered rhinoceros species, characterized by its hairy body and two horns. Sumatran rhinos are solitary browsers, feeding on leaves and twigs. Their survival is severely threatened by poaching and habitat loss.
Sumatran Tiger
A critically endangered tiger subspecies endemic to the island of Sumatra, known for its darker, more narrowly striped coat. Sumatran tigers are solitary apex predators, facing severe threats from habitat destruction and poaching.
Sun Bear
The smallest bear species, known for its sleek black fur and distinctive U-shaped golden or white chest patch. Sun bears are arboreal, nocturnal, and omnivorous, feeding on fruits, insects, honey, and small vertebrates.
Sunda Clouded Leopard
A medium-sized wild cat known for its distinctive large, cloud-like spots and long tail. Sunda clouded leopards are arboreal, secretive, and nocturnal predators, hunting small mammals and birds in the forest canopy.
Sunda Colugo
Also known as the Sunda flying lemur, this arboreal mammal is an expert glider, using a large membrane of skin that stretches from its neck to its tail. Sunda colugos are nocturnal herbivores, feeding on leaves, flowers, and fruits.
Sunda Pangolin
A nocturnal mammal known for its protective scales made of keratin, which it curls into a ball when threatened. Sunda pangolins are insectivores, using their long, sticky tongues to feed on ants and termites. Critically endangered due to poaching.
Suni
A tiny, secretive antelope species known for its small size and reddish-brown coat. Sunis are solitary browsers, feeding on leaves, twigs, and fruits. They are shy and rely on camouflage to avoid predators.
Swamp Deer
A large deer species known for its impressive antlers and adaptation to marshy habitats. Also called Barasingha, swamp deer are grazers, forming herds, and are an endangered species primarily due to habitat loss.
Swamp Rabbit
A species of rabbit uniquely adapted to aquatic environments, known for its ability to swim and dive to evade predators. Swamp rabbits are solitary herbivores, feeding on aquatic vegetation, often found near water sources.
Swamp Wallaby
A medium-sized wallaby known for its dark brown to black fur and distinctive strong smell. Swamp wallabies are solitary browsers, feeding on a wide variety of plants, often found in dense undergrowth.
Swayne’s Hartebeest
An endangered subspecies of hartebeest endemic to Ethiopia, known for its striking reddish-brown coat and peculiar curved horns. Swayne’s hartebeest are grazers, forming small herds, primarily found in protected grassland areas.
Syrian Hamster
A popular pet rodent, known for its large cheek pouches used to carry food and its solitary nature. Syrian hamsters are nocturnal, omnivorous, and burrowing animals, originally found in arid regions.